Fallacies (General)
Fallacies of Causation & Comparison
Fallacies of Character
Fallacies of Authority & Tricky Fallacies I
Tricky Fallacies
100
Jason read the meta-analyses of the connection between smoking and cancer but said he didn't believe any of them because his Grandfather smoked 30 cigarettes a day, and lived until 95.
What is anecdotal evidence?
100
If you used the mathematical relationship below to argue that pursuing civil engineering degrees drive up mozzarella cheese consumption, you would be guilty of this fallacy.
What is false cause?
OR
What is post-hoc reasoning?
100
Tony wants us to believe that the origin of life was an “accident”. Tony is a godless SOB who has spent more time in jail than in school or at church, so the only information we should consider from him is the best way to make license plates.
The person speaking about Tony is using the abusive version of this type of fallacy.
What is argumentum ad hominem?
OR
What is ad hominem?
100
The crow below is guilty of this fallacy:
What is the bandwagon appeal?
OR
What is argumentum ad populum?
100
Luke Cage and Jessica Jones are arguing about the qualities of superheroes, but Jessica, despite having some sound points, has made two fallacies in this conversation.
Luke declares that Jessica's entire argument and line of reasoning have no merit.
Luke is guilty of this type of flaw.
What is the fallacy fallacy?
200
The image below exemplifies this type of fallacy:
What is false dilemma? dichotomy?
OR
What is EITHER-OR reasoning?
OR
What is black and white reasoning?
200
The video below accurately represents this fallacy:
What is slippery-slope reasoning?
200
The cartoon below represents this fallacy?
What is the appeal to novelty?
200
The image below represents this fallacy.
What is the authority fallacy?
OR
What is argumentum ad vericundiam?
200
The image below represents this type of fallacy, which has to do with defining terms.
What is equivocation?
300
"Stripping privacy rights matters only to those with something to hide. You must have something to hide if you oppose privacy protection."
What is begging the question?
300
Although well-intended, the makers of the image below could be considered guilty of this fallacy.
What is faulty comparison?
OR
What is misplaced analogy?
OR
What is a faulty analogy?
300
The logical fallacy above is a specific type of personal attack:
What is Tu Quoque?
300
THEY say that scientists and big Pharma are lying about the safety of vaccines.
What is the appeal to anonymous authority?
300
The image below represents a type of fallacy that is often used in pseudo-scientific debates.
What is the argument from ignorance?
400
What is the straw-man fallacy?
OR
What is setting up a straw man?
400
The image below, from a debate between two doctors, represents a type of fallacy that is often used in manufactured scientific controversies.
What is the false balance fallacy?
400
The image below represents this fallacy, which is a version of hasty generalization.
What is stereotyping?
400
Your uncle Bob noted that in four states, Winter has come earlier than normal. Bob used these four pieces of evidence to establish a pattern and conclude that instead of global warming, the world is getting cooler and not warmer.
What is the Texas sharpshooter fallacy?
400
Darren is proud of himself because he broke 30 mins for 5k. He feels like a runner.
Adam says that Darren should be proud he finished, but he is not yet a runner because REAL runners move along at at least 8-minute mile pace. Darren is actually a jogger.
What is the no True Scotsman fallacy?
500
What is a red herring?
500
Some people make causal connections or correlations between two events not based on logic or evidence, but primarily based on superstition such as in the example below:
"Because I broke that mirror last week, I am having horrible luck this week. I broke my favorite pencil and I had stomach flu!"
This definition and this example demonstrate this fallacy, which is a specific type of post-hoc reasoning.
What is magical thinking?
500
The image below represents both a tactic and logical fallacy that are commonly used in the marketing world.
What is the appeal to nature?
500
The image below represents this informal fallacy.
What is the appeal to tradition? or history?
500
The picture below represents a specific use of the appeal to pathos:
What is the appeal to pity?
OR
What is argumentum ad miseracordium?
600
“I rear ended your car but I don't think I should pay for the damage. You think I should pay for all the damage. A fair compromise would be to split the bill in half.”
What is the fallacy of the middle ground?
600
Jim: Drownings are up this year, and so is ice cream consumption.
Susie: Therefore, ice cream must cause drownings!
Susie is guilty of this logical fallacy, which is a VERSION of post-hoc reasoning.
What is ignoring a common cause?
600
The image below demonstrates this flaw in reasoning.
What is the genetic fallacy?
600
"University often helps you get a job. So that's the primary reason it exists.”
What is affirming the consequent?
OR
What is jumping to the conclusion?
600
This fallacy is represented by the image below?
What is moving the goalposts?
OR
What is special pleading?