Advertisements and Media
SLIDE 4
The professor tells the class where half of the student scored poorly, "The numbers don't lie, the average test score was a 72 on the last exam" (IMPORTANT to note: there were 5 extra credit questions)
Myth of mean
If I fail this class, my life will be over and I will end up on the street begging for change and never be able to go to medical school. So if you fail me, I will live in a tent and will die in that tent if I fail!
Slippery slope
SLIDE 2
non sequitur
Cats make great pets and tigers are cats, therefore tigers make great pets!
Equivocation
At a regular performance review, the boss tells the employee that they need to make more of an effort to turn up to work on time. The employee responds, saying that the boss is discriminating against parents.
Straw man
Video 1
Begging the question
Sam got the bumper of his car hit by another driver. It turns out that the other driver is a woman. Sam was in a previous car accident with another woman too. He concludes women are bad drivers
Hasty generalization
One political party says we should do more in the USA about climate change. The other party says that we should try to get China to do more before the USA spends another dime on the issue.
Video 2
False analogies
"Always speak from responsible knowledge with evidence that meets the standards of relevance, representativeness, recency, and reliability—and expect the same from other persuasive speakers.
Watch out for disinformation that fabricates or distorts important facts and statistics to support persuasive claims.
Never fabricate or exaggerate the credentials of expert sources of information.
Don’t distort the intended meaning of facts and testimony by citing them out of context.
Make sure the examples you cite are timely and representative of the issue at hand.
Cite a variety of high-quality evidence that is sufficient and appropriate for supporting persuasive claims.
Watch out for presentation aids—especially pictures and graphs—that have been distorted to enhance persuasive claims.
Watch out for misleading uses of language, including doublespeak, euphemisms, and incomprehensible jargon.
Avoid overreliance on appeals to ethos (personal authority), pathos (emotional appeals), and mythos (appeals to tradition) at the expense of logos (reasoning and evidence)" (326)
While having an argument with his friend about the housing market, Cole says, "You didn't even finish high school. How could you possibly know about this?"
ad hominem
SLIDE 3
Bandwagon
What do fallacies do to the message that a speaker is trying to portray? How about the audience's perception of a speaker?
"mislead your listeners, generate irresponsible decision making and action, and undermine our capacity for reasoned persuasion and more constructive discussions of important public issues. Fallacies will also undermine the persuasiveness of your efforts and can do lasting damage to perceptions of your competence and character" (326)
“VAERS shows thousands of people have died from the COVID vaccines!”
Post hoc