Normal Fallacies
a form of argument and an informal fallacy of having the impression of refuting an argument, whereas the real subject of the argument was not addressed or refuted, but instead replaced with a false one.
Strawman
Typically this term refers to a rhetorical strategy where the speaker attacks the character, motive, or some other attribute of the person making an argument rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself.
Ad Hominem
a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority on a topic is used as evidence to support an argument.
Authority Fallacy
occurs in arguments that have a disjunctive premiss―that is, one that gives alternatives―when one or more alternatives is incorrectly omitted.
Black&White Fallacy
an informal fallacy in which one attempts to protect their universal generalization from a falsifying counterexample by excluding the counterexample improperly.
No True Scotsman
a logical fallacy that occurs when someone assumes that if an argument contains a logical fallacy, then its conclusion must be false.
Fallacy Fallacy
an informal fallacy which is committed when differences in data are ignored, but similarities are overemphasized.
Texas Sharp Shooter
a metaphor, derived from goal-based sports, that means to change the criterion of a process or competition while it is still in progress, in such a way that the new goal offers one side an advantage or disadvantage.
Moving the Goal Post
a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic.
Non Sequitur
a fallacious argument which is based on affirming that something is real because the majority thinks so.
Bandwagon
in logic, critical thinking, political rhetoric, and caselaw, is an argument in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect.
Slippery Slope