ANATOMY
A 69-year-old man has an abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis?
a.- Kyphosis
b.- Lordosis
c.- Spina bifida
d.- Meningocele
a.- Kyphosis
Which type of bond holds water molecules together in liquid water?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Peptide bond
c) Hydrogen bond
Defects or errors made during the histological technique are called:
A) Fixations
B) Artifacts
C) Inclusions
D) All of the above
B) Artifacts
The karyotype of Klinefelter syndrome is:
A) 45 xyy
B) 46 xxy
C) 47 xxy
D) 47 xyy
C) 47xxy
Who discovered America?
A) Bad Bunny
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Cristóbal Colón
D) Pancho Villa
C) Cristóbal Colón
A 24-year-old woman comes to the hospital in labor. The obstetrician uses caudal anesthesia to block the spinal nerves in the epidural space. Through which of the following openings is the local anesthetic most likely injected?
a.- Intervertebral foramen
b.- Vertebral canal
c.- Anterior sacral foramen
d.- Sacral hiatus
d.- Sacral hiatus
What property of water makes it an excellent solvent for polar molecules?
a) Low heat capacity
b) Nonpolarity
c) High dielectric constant
d) Hydrophobic interactions
c) High dielectric constant
The cryostat is used to:
A) Preserve fats
B) Preserve tissues
C) Speed up the process
D) Freeze tissues
D) Freeze tissues
On what day does the cranial neuroporum close?
a)Day 25
b) Day 23
c) Day 27
d) Day 28
a)Day 25
Who painted The Last Supper?
A) Raphael
B) Michelangelo
C) Napoleon
D) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Leonardo da Vinci
After his car was hit from the side by a large truck, a 26-year-old driver is taken to the emergency department with multiple fractures of the transverse processes of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae. Which of the following muscles could be affected?
a.- Levator scapulae muscle
b.- Trapezius muscle
c.- Posterior serratus muscle
d.- Rhomboid major muscle
a.- Levator scapulae muscle
In a protein, which level of structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone carbonyl and amide groups?
a) Primary structure
b) Secondary structure
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure
b) Secondary structure
Cytoplasmic organelles related to glycogen degradation, detoxification, and lipid synthesis:
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) RER
D) REL
D) REL
In the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the hormone is produced:
a) Progesterone
b) Luteinizing
c)Estrogen
d)None of the above
b) Luteinizing
Which Greek philosopher is known for his method of dialogue and questioning?
A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Juana Inés de la Cruz
A) Socrates
A 45-year-old woman comes to the clinic with numbness at the tip of her nose. Which of the following nerves is most likely to be damaged?
a.- Facial nerve
b.- Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
c.- Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
d.- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
b.- Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
Which statement best explains why β-sheets are stabilized in proteins?
a) Side-chain ionic interactions stabilize the sheet.
b) Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent peptide backbones.
c) Hydrophobic side chains interact with water molecules.
d) Disulfide bridges hold the β-strands together.
b) Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent peptide backbones
The ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells is located in:
A) Trachea
B) Bladder
C) Esophagus
D) Urothelium
A) Trachea
The hormone that prevents the corpus luteum from degrading during pregnancy
a) luteinizing
b) Estrógeno
c) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
d)None of the above
c) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Which ancient civilization built the city of Machu Picchu?
A) Mayans
B) Aztecs
C) Olmecs
D) Incas
D) Incas
Puncture of the right and left subclavian veins is used for the placement of a central line reaching the superior vena cava. The superior vena cava drains into which part of the heart?
a.- Right atrium
b.- Left atrium
c.- Right ventricle
d.- Left ventricle
a.- Right atrium
A protein has several histidine residues located in its active site. The enzyme shows maximal catalytic activity at pH 6.0, but its activity drops dramatically at pH 8.0. Which explanation best accounts for this observation?
a) At pH 8.0, histidine side chains are protonated, preventing hydrogen bonding.
b) At pH 8.0, histidine side chains are deprotonated, disrupting proton transfer in catalysis.
c) At pH 6.0, histidine side chains are fully deprotonated, enhancing nucleophilic attack.
d) At pH 6.0, histidine residues form covalent bonds with the substrate.
b) At pH 8.0, histidine side chains are deprotonated, disrupting proton transfer in catalysis.
The reticular connective tissue fibers are:
A) Collagen I
B) Collagen II
C) Collagen III
D) Collagen IV
C) Collagen III
On what day and region do the first somitomers appear?
A) Day 18 occipital region
B) Day 25 occipital region
C) Day 20, occipital region
C) Day 20, occipital region
What is the name of the first artificial satellite launched into space?
A) Voyager 1
B) Sputnik 1
C) Apollo 11
D) Apollo 2
B) Sputnik 1