Neurology
Pallidotomy is surgical therapy for A. Alzeimers disease B. Pakinson,s disease C. Huntington,s chorea D. Vascular dementia E. Temporal lobe epilepsy
B. Parkinsons disease Thallomotomy and pallidotomy, contralateral to the side of the body that is most affected, are most effective for the treatmment of disabling unilateral tremor and dyskinesis from Parkinson,s disease.
Over the past year, a 27-year-old female has had marked feelings of anxiety, tension, and irritability during the week preceding most menstrual cycles, accompanied by extreme fatigue and insomnia. She has regularly missed several days of work each month because of fatigue. She has no previous history of any health or mental problems, and within a few days of the onset of her period she is back to normal. Which one of the following is true concerning this condition? (check one) A. Neither biologic nor psychological factors play a part in this condition B. This condition is a variation of a depressive disorder C. Oral contraceptive pills are consistently effective in the treatment of this condition D. This problem can be effectively treated with serotonergic antidepressants E. Alprazolam (Xanax) is an effective first-line agent for treatment of this condition
D. This problem can be effectively treated with SSRI,S Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) experience a cluster of mood, cognitive, and physical symptoms that recur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and remit in the follicular phase. Multiple rigorously conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized trials have consistently shown the value of SSRIs, especially if administered during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Among women whose mothers have been affected by PMS, 70% have PMS themselves, compared with 37% of women whose mothers have not been affected. Because many patients with PMDD do not have depressive symptoms, this disorder should not be considered as simply a depressive variant. Some studies have shown that symptoms actually worsen with the administration of oral contraceptive pills. Because of the potential for drug dependence, high-potency benzodiazepines such as alprazolam should be used only as second-line drug therapy if an optimal response is not achieved with an SSRI. Ref: Johnson SR: Premenstrual syndrome therapy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1998;41(2):405-421. 2) Bhatia SC, Bhatia SK: Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am Fam Physician 2002;
A 42-year-old African-American male recently traveled to the Caribbean for a scuba diving trip. Since his return he has noted brief intermittent episodes of vertigo not associated with nausea or vomiting. He is concerned, however, because these episodes occurred after sneezing or coughing and then a couple of times after straining while lifting something. He has had no hearing loss, and no vertigo with positional changes such as bending over or turning over in bed. The most likely cause of this patients vertigo is (check one) A. vestibular neuronitis B. Menieres disease C. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo D. a perilymphatic fistula E. multiple sclerosis triggered by a rapid change in climate
D.Perilymphatic fistula A perilymphatic fistula between the middle and inner ear may be caused by barotrauma from scuba diving, as well as by direct blows, heavy weight bearing, and excessive straining (e.g., with sneezing or bowel movements.) This patients recent trip involved two of these potential factors. Vestibular neuronitis is a more sudden, unremitting syndrome. Menieres disease is manifested by episodes of vertigo, associated with hearing loss and often with nausea and vomiting. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in older individuals, and is associated with postural change. Multiple sclerosis requires symptoms in multiple areas and is not thought to be provoked by climate change. Reference: Labuguen RH: Initial evaluation of vertigo. Am Fam Physician 2006;73(2):244-
Which of the following statements about molar pregnancy is true? A) Malignant transformation is monitored by serial alpha-fetoprotein levels. B) Further pregnancies should be discouraged after a molar pregnancy. C) It is usually associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. D) Risk for recurrent molar pregnancy is not increased in women who have had previous molar pregnancies. E) The majority of molar pregnancies result in malignant transformation.
What is C) It is usually associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?