Measuring Temperature
The Particle Model, Temperature, and Thermal Energy
Expansion and Contraction
The Particle Model and Changes of State
Transferring Energy
100
The most commonly used temperature scale, which is used in Canada is called...
Celsius or Degrees Celsius
100
What is Energy?
Energy is a measure of something's ability to do something.
100
What is a pure substance?
Substances made of only one kind of particle (ie. gold)
100
During a phase, the total amount of energy changes, but the average energy, which can't be measured does not. What is this average energy called?
Hidden Heat or Latent Heat
100
What is a fluid?
A fluid is a material that flows, such as water. Gases and Liquids are fluids.
200
Celsius uses the freezing and boiling point of water for the baseline of it's scale. What does Kelvin use?
Absolute zero, or the coldest temperature possible.
200
Energy associated with hot energy is called?
Thermal Energy
200
What happens when the average energy of particles decrease?
The space between particles decreases and so does the speed, contracting
200
What is the difference between Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity?
Heat capacity is the amount of thermal energy needed to warm/cool matter by 1ºC while specific Heat Capacity is the amount of thermal energy needed to warm/cool 1 gram of matter by 1ºC.
200
Dark, Dull objects _____ radiant energy when cooled and ____ radiant energy when heated. Light, Shiny objects rarely do that.
Absorb, Emits
300
Who is this?
Lord Kelvin, or William Thompson
300
Who is James Joules and what is he known for?
James Joules is known for the energy measurement scale called Joule or (J) for short. He devoted his life to studying energy, inventing many inventions.
300
When particles in ______ are heated, they expand and contract freely, and can get a lot of room.
Gas
300
During a phase change, the temperature of the matter changes. True or False?
False. The temperature of the matter stays the same.
300
What is the unabbreviated version of EMR and spell it.
Electromagnetic Radiation.
400
How do you calibrate a thermometer?
You put it into ice water, then into boiling water, see the difference in numbers and then divide into 100 equal degrees.
(Eg. Ice water = 0ºC Boiling water = 100ºC. Each scale is 1 degree apart)
400
Why is it important to remember debunked theories, such as Antoine Lavoisier's?
Debunked theories should be remembered because without them, scientists in the future may repeat these mistake.
400
What keeps it's consistency in shape and volume, what has no fixed shape or volume, and what changes it's shape due to it's container and doesn't change volume?
Solid, Gas, Liquid
400
Describe Evaporative Cooling and give me an example.
Evaporative Cooling is when high energy in a liquid escapes, leaving the rest of the energy in the liquid to cool down faster. (eg. Sweating)
400
Name the radiation wave lengths from largest waves to smallest waves.
Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light Spectrum, U.V., X-Ray, Gamma Ray
500
Name all four types of thermometers (with spelling) and give an example of what appliances use it or in what situations can it be used.
Thermocouple (Stoves, Furnaces, Etc.)
Bimetallic Strip (Ovens, AC, Heaters, Etc.) Recording Thermometer (To record long changes in temperature)
Infrared Thermogram (Used to identify heat levels from afar and to find air leaks)
500
What are the 4 most important parts in the Particle Model of Matter?
• All substances are mode of tiny particles too small to be seen.
• The particles are always in motion.
• The particles have spaces in between them
•The particles move faster and apart the hotter their temperature increases. The particles move slower and closer the colder their temperature decreases.
500
Why can't engineers just slap a bunch of metal bars and call it a bridge?
They have to first research what type of material they are using, so that they can take in to consideration the expansion and contraction of that material during certain temperatures.
500
Give me all the different types of phase changes and an example of each.
Melting/Fusion (Ice cube turning to water)
Freezing/Solidification (Water freezing to ice)
Vaporization (Steam from a kettle)
Condensation (Water on a window in a foggy day)
Sublimation [Gas to solid] (Soot in a car exhaust pipe)
Sublimation [Solid to gas] (Dry Ice)
500
What are the ways to transfer heat, with spelling, and describe them.
• Radiation The Transfer of Energy without the contact of matter.
• Conduction Particles come close together and transfer from one particle to another. Happens in waves.
• Convection When a warm fluid moves from place to place, taking thermal energy with it, and dispersing it.