Text Feature / Structure ELA.9.R.2.1
The rainforest is a lush, vibrant ecosystem teeming with life. Towering trees form a dense canopy overhead, filtering sunlight onto the forest floor where exotic plants thrive. Animals like brightly colored parrots and agile monkeys swing through the branches, while jaguars stalk silently beneath the foliage. The rainforest is a delicate balance, where every organism plays a crucial role, making it a vital part of our planet's biodiversity
1. Based on the passage, what text structure is the author using?
a) Compare and Contrast b) Problem/Solution
c) Description d) Cause and Effect
c) Description
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health. It strengthens the heart, improves lung function, and increases energy levels. Exercise also helps to manage weight, reduce stress, and improve mental health. Whether through walking, running, or yoga, physical activity is a key part of living a healthy, balanced life.
What is the central idea of the passage?
a) Exercise can be difficult to maintain but is necessary for overall health.
b) Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health.
c) Running and yoga are the best forms of exercise for health.
d) Mental health is more important than physical health when it comes to exercise.
b) Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health.
Argument 1: Remote Work Increases Productivity
Remote work boosts productivity by offering flexibility and reducing distractions, allowing employees to focus better.
Argument 2: Remote Work Decreases Productivity
Remote work can lower productivity due to home distractions and lack of supervision, reducing motivation and collaboration.
How does the author compare the two arguments about remote work in the passage?
a) The author argues that remote work increases productivity while ignoring the potential drawbacks.
b) The author presents both sides of the debate, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of remote work on productivity.
c) The author concludes that remote work is always more productive than working in an office.
d) The author shows that remote work has no significant impact on productivity.
b) The author presents both sides of the debate, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of remote work on productivity.
What does the word "eloquent" mean in the sentence: "The lawyer gave an eloquent argument in court, using clear and persuasive language that convinced the jury of her client's innocence"?
a) Confusing and unclear
b) Forceful and aggressive
c) Clear and persuasive
d) Simple and brief
c) Clear and persuasive
Elephants are the largest land mammals, known for their intelligence and strong social bonds. They live in herds led by a matriarch and communicate through sounds, gestures, and vibrations. Elephants play a key role in ecosystems by spreading seeds and creating pathways in forests and savannas.
How does the author achieve their purpose of emphasizing the importance of elephants in the excerpt?
A. By using emotional language to evoke sympathy for elephants.
B. By including factual details about their role in ecosystems and social behaviors.
C. By using figurative language to compare elephants to other animals.
D. By appealing to the reader’s sense of humor through anecdotes about elephants.
B. By including factual details about their role in ecosystems and social behaviors.
During the winter months, many trees lose their leaves, which is caused by the drop in temperature and the reduction of sunlight. As a result, trees enter a period of dormancy, conserving their energy to survive the harsh weather. This lack of leaves also reduces the amount of water the tree loses through transpiration. Without leaves, the tree can focus on staying alive until spring when the warmth returns, and it can begin to grow again.
1. Why does the author use a cause-and-effect text structure in the passage?
a) To show how trees grow during the winter.
b) To explain how the drop in temperature and reduction of sunlight lead to trees losing their leaves and entering dormancy.
c) To compare the effects of winter on different types of trees.
d) To describe the process of photosynthesis in trees.
b) To explain how the drop in temperature and reduction of sunlight lead to trees losing their leaves and entering dormancy.
As a doctor with over 20 years of experience, I can say that proper nutrition is key to good health. I've seen many patients improve their well-being by making healthier food choices. Research shows that a balanced diet helps prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Adopting healthy eating habits can significantly improve your quality of life.
Question:
How does the author use ethos to develop the central idea of the passage?
a) The author uses personal experience and professional background to build credibility and support the importance of proper nutrition.
b) The author compares the benefits of healthy eating to other forms of exercise.
c) The author describes research in detail to explain the science behind nutrition.
d) The author relies on testimonials from patients to convince the reader.
a) The author uses personal experience and professional background to build credibility and support the importance of proper nutrition.
Argument 1: Renewable Energy is Economically Beneficial
Renewable energy reduces long-term costs. Solar and wind power have lower operational costs than fossil fuels and decrease reliance on volatile oil markets, stabilizing prices and creating green jobs.
Argument 2: Renewable Energy is Too Expensive
Renewable energy requires high upfront investment in infrastructure, making it economically unfeasible for many countries. The initial financial burden can be too great, especially for regions relying on cheaper fossil fuels
How does the author compare the two arguments about renewable energy in the passage?
a) The author argues that renewable energy is always more cost-effective than fossil fuels.
b) The author highlights the long-term economic benefits of renewable energy while also acknowledging the high initial investment required.
c) The author dismisses the costs of renewable energy by focusing solely on its environmental benefits.
d) The author presents only one side of the argument, arguing that renewable energy is economically beneficial.
b) The author highlights the long-term economic benefits of renewable energy while also acknowledging the high initial investment required.
In the sentence, "The scientist's meticulous notes helped him make an important discovery," what does the word "meticulous" most likely mean?
a) Careless
b) Detailed and precise
c) Quick
d) Incomplete
b. detailed and percise
Every community deserves access to clean drinking water. It’s a basic human right and crucial for health. Without it, preventable diseases spread, leading to unnecessary suffering. Investing in water infrastructure saves lives and reduces healthcare costs. We must act now to ensure future generations don’t face this crisis.
How does the author establish their purpose of advocating for clean drinking water in the excerpt?
A. By appealing to logic through facts about the benefits of water infrastructure investment.
B. By using figurative language to describe water as a lifeline for humanity.
C. By using humor to lighten the tone of a serious issue.
D. By appealing to authority through citing expert opinions on water rights.
A. By appealing to logic through facts about the benefits of water infrastructure investment.
Steps to Take Care of Your Houseplants
To ensure your houseplants thrive, follow these essential steps:
How does the use of a list structure in the passage help the reader understand the steps to care for houseplants?
a) It emphasizes the importance of each step by presenting them as separate actions.
b) It compares different methods for taking care of houseplants.
c) It organizes information by explaining the reasons behind each step.
d) It contrasts the benefits of houseplants with the consequences of neglect.
a) It emphasizes the importance of each step by presenting them as separate actions
Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, have become more cost-effective in recent years. The cost of solar energy has dropped by 80% over the past decade, making it more affordable than fossil fuels in many areas. Additionally, renewable energy can create up to 85 million jobs globally by 2030, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency. Shifting to renewable energy not only reduces environmental impact but also strengthens economies by creating jobs and reducing energy costs
How does the author use logos to support the central idea of the passage?
a) By presenting statistics on the decreasing cost of solar energy and potential job creation.
b) By sharing personal experiences with renewable energy.
c) By describing the harmful effects of fossil fuels on the environment.
d) By emphasizing the importance of government policies in promoting renewable energy.
a) By presenting statistics on the decreasing cost of solar energy and potential job creation.
Argument 1: Social Media is Beneficial
Social media connects people globally, promotes social justice, and helps businesses reach larger audiences. It encourages creativity and diverse expression.
Argument 2: Social Media is Harmful
Social media leads to unrealistic expectations, body image issues, and mental health problems. It spreads misinformation and can reduce face-to-face interactions.
Question:
How does the author compare the two arguments in the passage?
a) The first argument focuses on the benefits of social media, while the second only highlights the negative effects.
b) Both arguments are equally balanced.
c) The first argument talks about risks, while the second explains business growth.
d) The second argument describes social media’s positive uses, while the first focuses on mental health issues.
a) The first argument focuses on the benefits of social media, while the second only highlights the negative effects.
In the sentence, "The teacher was reluctant to give a quiz so soon after the lesson, but she knew it was necessary for the students' progress," what context clues help determine the meaning of "reluctant"?
a) "She knew it was necessary for the students' progress"
b) "Give a quiz so soon after the lesson"
c) "The teacher"
d) "Necessary for the students' progress"
a) "She knew it was necessary for the students' progress"
As a healthcare professional with over 20 years of experience, I've witnessed the serious effects of smoking. The evidence is clear: smoking leads to cancer, heart disease, and other health issues. Quitting now is the best choice for your health, and it's never too late to start living better.
How does the author use ethos to encourage people to quit smoking in the excerpt?
A. By sharing personal emotional stories about the effects of smoking.
B. By highlighting their 20 years of experience as a healthcare professional.
C. By using vivid imagery to describe the dangers of smoking.
D. By presenting statistical data about the health risks of smoking.
B. By highlighting their 20 years of experience as a healthcare professional.
Renewable energy sources, like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, come from natural resources that can be replenished. They are eco-friendly, producing little pollution and are sustainable. In contrast, nonrenewable sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are finite and take millions of years to form. Their extraction and use contribute to environmental harm, including air pollution and climate change.
How does the author’s use of contrast in the passage help convey the purpose of comparing renewable and nonrenewable energy sources?
a) It emphasizes the long-term sustainability of renewable energy and the environmental harm caused by nonrenewable energy.
b) It explains how both renewable and nonrenewable energy sources are equally beneficial.
c) It illustrates the history of energy sources and their development over time.
d) It describes the financial benefits of using renewable energy over nonrenewable sources.
a) It emphasizes the long-term sustainability of renewable energy and the environmental harm caused by nonrenewable energy.
Banning cell phones in schools helps reduce distractions and supports students' mental health. Without the pressure of constant notifications and social media, students can focus on learning and build real connections. It's time to put their well-being first.
How does the author use pathos to support the central idea of the passage?
a) By discussing the benefits of banning cell phones for students' focus and well-being.
b) By emphasizing the emotional impact of constant notifications and social media on students' mental health.
c) By providing statistics about the use of cell phones in schools.
d) By offering logical reasons why students should have their phones banned in school.
b) By emphasizing the emotional impact of constant notifications and social media on students' mental health.
Argument 1: School Uniforms Improve Focus
School uniforms reduce distractions, promote equality, and help students focus on learning rather than fashion.
Argument 2: School Uniforms Limit Self-Expression
Uniforms restrict students’ ability to express themselves and do not address the real issues like bullying or academic performance.
Question:
How does the author compare the two arguments in the passage?
a) The first argument highlights the benefits, while the second focuses only on the drawbacks.
b) Both arguments emphasize the positive aspects of school uniforms.
c) The first argument overlooks the negatives, while the second acknowledges the benefits.
d) The second argument focuses on the lack of structure caused by school uniforms.
a) The first argument highlights the benefits, while the second focuses only on the drawbacks.
Which pair of words has a relationship similar to "generous" and "charitable"?
a) Intelligent : Wise
b) Courageous : Brave
c) Honest : Trustworthy
d) Wealthy : Rich
c) Honest : Trustworthy
Both pairs consist of words that describe qualities that are closely related in meaning. "Generous" and "charitable" both refer to kindness and giving, just as "honest" and "trustworthy" refer to qualities of reliability and truthfulness.
Research shows that regular exercise reduces the risk of heart disease and improves mental health. Just 150 minutes of exercise per week can significantly boost health and lower healthcare costs. The evidence is clear: exercise is essential for a longer, healthier life.
How does the author use logos to achieve their purpose of persuading readers to prioritize regular exercise?
A. By sharing personal stories of individuals who improved their health through exercise.
B. By presenting research and statistics that demonstrate the health benefits of regular exercise.
C. By using emotional language to emphasize the importance of fitness.
D. By appealing to authority through endorsements from healthcare professionals.
B. By presenting research and statistics that demonstrate the health benefits of regular exercise.
The sky grew dark, the winds did roar,
A storm was coming to the shore.
The clouds piled up, thick and gray,
The rain began to fall and play.
The trees swayed low, the waves did crash,
As thunder boomed with every flash.
The lightning struck, the winds did howl,
The storm unleashed its mighty prowl.
But when it passed, the sky turned bright,
The storm had left, bringing light.
The air was fresh, the world was new,
And the sun shone through the blue.
How does the use of cause-and-effect structure in the poem help convey the author’s purpose?
a) It shows how the storm's effects are directly linked to changes in the weather.
b) It highlights the contrast between day and night during the storm.
c) It describes the storm’s damage and how it impacted the people.
d) It presents the cycle of the storm without explaining its effects.
a) It shows how the storm's effects are directly linked to changes in the weather.
Each year, over 1.2 million students drop out in the U.S., costing the economy $192 billion. Research shows that poor academic performance and low socioeconomic status significantly increase dropout risk. Targeted interventions can reduce dropout rates by up to 25%, highlighting the need for data-driven solutions.
How does the author use logos to develop the central idea of the passage about dropout rates?
a) By explaining how targeted interventions can reduce dropout rates and presenting statistics to demonstrate their effectiveness.
b) By discussing how socioeconomic status is the only factor contributing to high dropout rates.
c) By focusing on the emotional impact of dropping out and how it affects students' futures.
d) By comparing dropout rates in different countries to show that the U.S. is performing poorly.
a) By explaining how targeted interventions can reduce dropout rates and presenting statistics to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Argument 1: Electric Cars Are the Future
Electric cars reduce carbon emissions and pollution. With improving technology, they are becoming more affordable and practical.
Argument 2: Electric Cars Are Not Practical Yet
Electric cars face issues like limited battery life, charging infrastructure, and environmental concerns from battery production, making them impractical for widespread use.
Question:
Which argument is more valid based on the evidence?
a) The first argument is valid due to its focus on future benefits.
b) The second argument is valid because it addresses current limitations.
c) Both arguments are equally valid.
d) Neither argument is valid because they ignore government regulation.
b) The second argument is valid because it addresses current limitations.
In the sentence, "The manager's harsh criticism was a storm that tore through the team's morale," what does the phrase "a storm that tore through" most likely mean?
a) The criticism was mild and easily ignored
b) The criticism caused confusion and disruption
c) The criticism was welcomed and appreciated
d) The criticism was slow and ineffective
b) The criticism caused confusion and disruption
The phrase "a storm that tore through" is a metaphor, suggesting that the criticism was powerful and had a strong, negative impact on the team's morale.
Education is the key to a brighter future. Without it, dreams wither like seeds without sunlight. By investing in schools, we help children grow into leaders who can change the world. Let's give every child the chance to thrive.
How does the author effectively use figurative language to achieve their purpose of emphasizing the transformative power of education?
A. By likening education to sunlight nurturing seeds, symbolizing its role in helping children grow and thrive.
B. By referencing specific examples of leaders who benefited from education.
C. By appealing to emotions with a description of children struggling without access to schools.
D. By citing research to demonstrate the societal benefits of investing in education.
A. By likening education to sunlight nurturing seeds, symbolizing its role in helping children grow and thrive.