Literary Elements
"The sky turned dark, and thunder rumbled in the distance."
This suggests this is about to happen.
What is a storm is coming?
“True friendship requires trust and sacrifice.”
What is a theme?
This refers to the feelings or associations connected to a word.
What is connotation?
“The ground is wet. It probably rained last night.”
What is abductive reasoning?
"Do we really want to live in a world without clean water?"
What is a rhetorical question?
This type of thinking requires readers to combine text clues with their own knowledge.
What is making an inference?
Unlike a topic, this includes a complete thought about life or human nature.
What is a theme?
The words childlike vs. childish show this difference.
What is connotation difference (positive vs. negative)?
“All eighth graders must take the FAST test. I am an eighth grader. Therefore, I must take the FAST test.”
What is deductive reasoning?
Calling a policy “dangerous” instead of “uncertain” creates this effect.
What is a stronger negative tone or bias?
"Although she practiced daily, she still missed the final shot."
This is what we can infer about the outcome.
What is she failed or lost despite effort?
“Bullying”
What is a topic, not a central idea/theme?
"The wind whispered through the trees."
This gives human traits to non-human things.
What is personification?
“All mammals have lungs. A whale is a mammal. Therefore, a whale has lungs.”
This is an example of this type of reasoning.
What is deductive reasoning?
A rhetorical question is mainly used to do this.
What is make the reader think or persuade them?
To support an answer, students must do this with details from the text.
What is cite relevant textual evidence?
This type of summary includes only key ideas and avoids opinions or minor details.
What is an objective summary?
"The ancient ruins were dilapidated, with crumbling walls and broken pillars."
The word dilapidated most nearly means this.
What is run-down or in poor condition?
If a student jumps to a conclusion with weak evidence, they may be misusing this type of reasoning.
What is inductive or abductive reasoning?
A strong rhetorical analysis must identify the device AND explain this.
What is its effect on the reader?
"The author describes the house as 'silent, empty, and covered in dust.'"
This supports the inference that the house is this.
What is abandoned or not lived in?
“The article explains how recycling helps reduce pollution.”
What is a central idea?
To determine word meaning in context, readers should look at this.
What are surrounding words and details (context clues)?
“Every time I study, I do well on tests. So studying leads to better grades.”
What is inductive reasoning?
Careful word choice helps the author do this to the audience.
What is persuade or influence the reader?