Cardiology/
Pulmonology
Pulmonology
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood throughout the body. It does this through both ELECTRICAL and MECHANICAL mechanisms.
What is the primary function of the kidney?
To filter the blood. It removes toxins and waste produces and some fluid, while sending nutrients back to the body.
What is a Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A Stroke. This is when there is decreased blood flow to the brain or a ruptured blood vessel in the brain. Symptoms vary based on location.
T/F Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition caused by a lack of insulin production.
False. That is type 1 diabetes. Type 2 is a chronic condition caused by insulin resistance.
What does the suffix - stomy mean?
A new opening. Think Ostomy - An opening in the gut.
What does it mean if your patient has atherosclerosis?
They have hardening of the arteries due to fatty deposits causing narrowing of vessels. Could be due to HTN, high cholesterol, smoking, or DM.
What are some symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Confusion in the elderly***, dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, fever, chills, N/V
What does the acronym BE FAST stand for?
B - Balance, E - Eyesight, F - Facial drooping, A - Arm drop, S - Speech abnormalities, T - Time
What is appendicitis?
Inflammation of the appendix due to a blockage of the opening to the appendix. This leads to rapidly multiplying bacteria in the appendix. It causes pain in the RLQ of the abdomen, N/V, and fever. It is treated with an appendectomy.
What are the rights of medication administration?
1 - Right Patient, 2 - Right Medication, 3 - Right Form, 4 - Right Dose, 5 - Right Route, 6 - Right Time, 7 - Right Technique, 8 - Right Education, 9 - Right Documentation
What are some common symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
Fatigue, SOB, edema, JVD, ascites, Crackles in lungs
What is the primary treatment to slow chronic renal failure?
Control blood pressure. Hypertension damages your glomeruli, which is the part of the kidney that filters your blood into urine. If this is damaged, it can't do so properly causing renal failure. By continuing to have HTN, you will continue to worsen your kidney function.
What is gabapentin used for?
It is both an anticonvulsant and an analgesic. It can be used to prevent seizures and block nerve pain.
What food do you need to avoid in celiac disease?
Gluten - Examples include wheat, barley, rye
What are the 5 Ps of Telephone etiquette?
1. Polite, 2. Prepared, 3. to the Point, 4. Perceptive, 5. cooPerative
Your physician diagnosed your patient with a pulmonary embolism. He prescribed your patient eliquis BID. Why?
A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot in your lung. It can cause SOB and decreased oxygenation. To treat this, we want to give an anticoagulant to "thin" the blood. If it worsens, the patient may need to go to the ER for evaluation and treatment. Other treatments could involve fibrolytics or a thrombectomy to remove the clot.
What is a lithotripsy?
A shockwave therapy used to break down a kidney stone. Patient should increase their fluid intake to help it flush out. We should also anticipate pain medications for these patients.
You notice your patient is being inattentive, fidgeting, and talking excessively. What condition do you think your patient has?
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a chronic condition that typically begins in childhood. This is more common in boys. They are typically treated with medication (Central nervous system stimulants) and behavior therapies.
What are some hallmark symptoms of cushing's syndrome?
Buffalo hump (excessive fat deposits in the subscapular area), moon face (round face), and red face (red cheeks)
Your patient with terminal cancer continues to suggest alternative treatment options, stating "... but I need to make it to my daughter's wedding". You recognize they are in what stage of grief?
Bargaining.
Others: 1. Denial, 2. Anger, 3. Bargaining, 4. Depression, 5. Acceptance
Your patient with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) is taking furosemide once daily in the morning. What is a lab that your provider may order for this patient?
CMP/BMP - This is to check the patient's potassium levels, since furosemide is a diuretic.
Your patient is complaining that they feel light-headed when they stand quickly after taking their hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). What should you tell your patient?
HCTZ is a diuretic medication. Because it gets rid of your fluids, it can lower your blood pressure. It's important to make sure you get up slowly until you know how it affects you, so you don't fall from hypotension.
Your patient experienced trauma to the brain following a care accident. He experienced a headache, sensitivity to light, and an inability to concentrate. He was diagnosed with a cerebral concussion. What do you anticipate as the treatment?
Observation and rest for seven to 10 days.
Your patient is taking levothyroxine for a thyroid disorder. You know this patient has what condition?
Hypothyroidism. This is an underproduction of the thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone, acting as a replacement.
Place the following in order of blood draw - Coagulants, blood cultures, chemistry test
1 - Blood cultures, 2 - Coagulants (blue), 3 - Chemistry (green)