True or false
Retinol is the aldehyde group, retinal is the alcohol group and retinoic acid is the acid group
False
100
What are the 2 forms in which vitamin D is found in?
Cholecalciferol (produced in the skin and found in animal foods) and Erogocalciferol (found in plants and dietary supplements)
100
What is the most active form of vitamin E in the body?
Alpha-tocopherol
100
Out of Vitamin K1, K2, & K3, which one is the primary source in diet?
Vitamin K1
100
True or False
Fat solubles tend to be more stable than water soluble vitamin
True
200
Preformed vitamins are absorbed by _________ _________whereas provitamins are absorbed by _________ _________.
active transport; passive diffusion
200
The active form of vitamin D is __________
Calcitriol
200
Most of vitamin E is stored in ___________
Adipose tissue!
200
10 % of vitamin K is produced by __________
bacteria
200
How can fat soluble vitamins be affected in the abscense of fatty acids and bile?
The absorption of fat soluble vitamins can be comprimised
300
A deficiency in vitamin A can cause our epithelial cells to flatten, become hard and prevent from producing ______ that helps our cells from bacteria and viruses infiltrating the body and causing infection
Mucus!
300
List the metabolic functions of vitamin D
bone growth, may prevent some cancers, may prevent diabetes,may regulate immune system and blood pressure
300
List the main functions of vitamin E
acts an antioxidant, anticoagulant, alters stickyness of the cells that line the lymph and blood vessels reducing plaque buildup
300
Functions of vitamin K
coagulant, cofactor, essential for strenthening bones
300
List some antioxidants
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, selenium, flavanoids and caratenoids
400
List functions of vitamin A
1) Acts as an antioxidant (carotenoids)
2)Participates in vision
3)stimulates cell division and cell differentiation
4)works w/ immune system to create WBCs and antibodies
5) reproduction
400
Angie has been told that she does not consume enough vitamin D. What foods should you recommend her?
Fortified milk, yogurt, breakfast cereals, and fatty fish
400
Vitamin E helps protect the _____ cholesterol carrier from being oxidized and reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis in the arteries
LDL
400
Without vitamin K, a simple nick or cut could result in a _____________
hemorrhage
400
Most common type of blindness
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
500
What are some food sources of preformed vitamin A and provitamin A?
Preformed vitamin A --> Milk, cereals, cheese, egg yolks, and organs (especially liver)
Provitamin vitamin A --> carrots, spinach, sweet potatoes
500
The culprit of hypervitaminosis in vitamin D are ____________
Vitamin D supplements
500
Chronic deficiency of vitamin E can cause?
nerve problems, muscle weakness, and uncontrolled movement of body parts
500
What must happen for calcium ions to bind to the bone matrix?
the carboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein