Ages & Stages
Active -- Passive
Passive -- Active
Perfect Modals
100
a person who is receiving social security benefits
senior (citizen); retiree
100

Farmers sell fruits and vegetables at the farmers' market.

Fruits and vegetables are sold at the farmers' market.

100

Taxes are collected by the government.

The government collects taxes.

100

I took the driver's test.  I didn't know any of the answers.

I should have studied!

200

a more polite word for "old"

elderly; senior

200

Alex invited me to the party.

I was invited to the party.

200

The class was cancelled by the teacher.

The teacher cancelled class.

200

It's 7:30.  The movie was scheduled to start at 7:15.  It hasn't started yet.

The movie should have started start 15 minutes ago. (The movie was supposed to start 15 minutes ago.)

300

a child who is learning to walk

a toddler

300

The home team will win the game.

The game will be won by the home team.

300

New TV shows are going to be streamed by Netflix.

Netflix is going to stream new TV shows.

300

I can't find my cell phone anywhere.

You must have (might have/could have/may have)....left it at home etc.

400

a person who is no longer young, but is not old yet

middle-aged

400

Has anyone invited you to the party?

Have you been invited to the party?

400

Has the video been sent by Lorraine?

Has Lorraine sent the video?

400

I wrote on the white board with permanent marker.

You shouldn't have done that.

500

a youth who is not quite a child, but not a teenager yet

a "tweenie"

500
Someone should wash my car soon.
My car should be washed soon.
500

Was he shocked by the news?

Did the news shock him?

500

After class, you went to you car and realized that you didn't have your purse.

You must have left it in the classroom.

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