X-Ray Interactions
Free Radicals and Damage
Dose and Biological Effects
Radiation Injury and Real-World Examples
Radiation Safety and Biology
100
What occurs when an x-ray photon causes and electron to be removed from an atom, creating a charged particle?
Ionization
100
These are unstable pieces that form when radiation breaks apart water in the body.
Free radicals
100
These effects happen by chance and include problems like cancer.
Stochastic effects
100
This serious condition happens after a large amount of radiation and causes symptoms like vomiting and hair loss.
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
100
These cells are very sensitive to radiation and are often damaged first.
Lymphocytes
200
When x-rays interact with tissue three possible things can happen: excitation, ionization, and this _____.
Bond Breakage
200
This harmful chemical can form when free radicals come back together.
Hydrogen peroxide
200
Which of these curves explain the type of damage that builds up over time and shows up after a certain point and occurs from radiation exposure?
Linear nonthreshold curve
200
These workers got sick from using glowing paint on watches.
Radium girls
200
A term describing body tissues that are less affected by radiation because they don’t change often.
Radioresistant
300
What type of radiation interaction "keeps bouncing around" and causes the most damage in tissues?
Compton Scatter
300
This happens when x-rays damage the water in cells instead of hitting the DNA directly.
Indirect theory
300
These effects get worse as the amount of radiation increases and have a clear starting point.
Deterministic effects
300
This nuclear accident caused long-term health problems for many people.
Chernobyl
300
This body part is very sensitive to radiation and should be protected during x-rays.
Thyroid gland
400
What is the interaction in the human body that occurs when x-rays are completely absorbed (this contributes to image contrast)
Photoelectric effect
400
This happens when radiation directly damages important parts of a cell like DNA.
Direct theory
400
This is the time after exposure when you don’t see any symptoms yet.
Latent period
400
These are radiation effects that do not show up in the exposed person but can appear in their children.
Genetic effects
400
What is the biggest source of man-made radiation people are exposed to?
Medical radiation
500
This happens when x-rays are taken into the body instead of reaching the sensor.
Absorption
500
Most radiation damage happens because x-rays interact with this substance in our bodies.
Water
500
This is when damage adds up in the body from repeated radiation over time.
Cumulative effects
500
These are effects of radiation that happen to the person who was exposed, not their future children.
Somatic effects
500
This safety rule means using the lowest amount of radiation possible while still getting a good image.
ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable)