Liver Anatomy
What is the surface of the liver not covered by peritoneum where the liver and diaphragm are in direct contact
What is bare area
Obstruction of the hepatic veins is known as
What is Budd Chiari Syndrome
What does a pyogenic abscess contain
What is pus
3 signs of a liver abscess
What is Fever, High WBC count, RUQ Pain
ETOH means
What is a history of Alcohol abuse (Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol)
What is the average weight and measurement of a normal liver
What is 3.3 lbs. or 1500 grams and 15 cm in length
How do the right hepatic vein, left hepatic vein and middle hepatic vein divide the liver? BE SPECIFIC
What is the right HV divides the Rt. Lobe into Anterior and Posterior portions, the MHV divides the Right lobe from the Left lobe, and the LHV divides the left lobe Medially and Laterally.
Name AND Describe the autosomal dominant condition we spoke about in sonographic terms
What is polycystic liver disease
This is a fungus that invades the bloodstream and it affects ___________ patients. What is the disease and who does it affect?
What is hepatic candidiasis and immunocompromised patients
The _______ sign is seen in patients with severe portal hypertension
What is caput medusa
It describes the appearance of distended and engorged paraumbilical veins (like varicose veins), which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join the systemic veins.
Name 3 functions of the liver
What is Metabolism of proteins, fats, carbs. Storage of iron, vitamins, glycogen) Digestion: Produces and secretes bile with emulsifies fats, conjugates bilirubin, and makes bilirubin from breakdown of old RBC’s (RBC’s live 120 days and then need to be broken down. Usually happens in the spleen). Detoxifies drugs and poisons. Phagocytizes bacteria (Kupffer cells) and old RBC’s.
The __________ of the liver is usually spared in cirrhosis and budd chiari syndrome due to its ______________.
What is the caudate lobe, independent blood supply/venous drainage.
This common tumor of the liver presents on ultrasound as hyperechoic and avascular and it more commonly seen in women
What is cavernous hemangioma
This is a highly opportunistic infection that is the most common infection in _______ patients. What is the infection and who does it affect?
What is Pneumocystis Carinii and AIDS patients
What are 4 structures/parts that you are able to identify when imaging the anterior liver
What is Right lobe, left lobe, Falciform Ligament, Ligamentum Teres
Name the 9 regions of the abdomen
What is right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac regions.
The portal vein has continuous, forward flow also know as __________, it _________ with respiration and has low velocity, ________ flow.
What is hepatopetal, does not, monophasic
In _____________ disease, __________ are defective and ingested bacteria is not destroyed leaving the liver susceptible to severe ____________.
What is chronic granulomatous disease, phagocytes, infection
What Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein is AND what is the main cause?
What is a result of portal vein thrombosis and is the replacement of the normal single channel portal vein with numerous tortuous collateral veins.
What are the 3 common sites related to liver metastasis AND how does metastatic disease spread
What is colon, breast and lung cancer, travels into the liver by the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery.
What happens to the appearance of the glissons capsule with a diseased and shrunken liver?
What is known as the liver *parenchyma (*functional tissue of an organ) becomes scarred, shrunken, and nodular, the normally smooth border becomes lobulated
How do the right hepatic vein, left hepatic vein and middle hepatic vein divide the liver? BE SPECIFIC
What is the right HV divides the Rt. Lobe into Anterior and Posterior portions, the MHV divides the Right lobe from the Left lobe, and the LHV divides the left lobe Medially and Laterally.
What does TIPS stand for, why do we perform a TIPS procedure AND what are the inflow and outflow vessels
What is Trans jugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt, to avoid major surgery and relieve pressure from portal HTN, inflow (portal vein), outflow (hepatic vein)
What are the 3 main causes of cirrhosis AND what disease does this predispose patients to?
What is ETOH (alcohol abuse), hepatitis B and hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma
What do NAFLD and NASH stand for and what is the difference between these two
What is Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is reversible and often caused by poor diet/fatty foods. Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis (NASH) fatty infiltration leads to chronic inflammation of the liver and may lead to cirrhosis of the liver which is irreversible.