Definitions
The loss of water and electrolytes from ECF
What is hypovolemia?
This electrolyte is pushed into the cell when dextrose and insulin are given
What is potassium?
Less than 3.5 meQ/L
What is hypokalemia?
135-145 meQ/L
What is a normal serum sodium level?
This hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb water
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
The concentration of particles in a solution or its pulling power
What is osmolarity?
I am a drug given to protect the cardiac muscle in the presence of too much potassium
What is calcium gluconate?
Greater than 2.6 mg/dL
What is hypermagnesemia?
8.6-10 mg/dL
What is a normal serum calcium range?
A patient with Addison's disease is low on this hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water.
What is aldosterone?
Signs include sudden weight gain, tachycardia, distended jugular veins, edema, and crackles
What is hypervolemia?
Pizza, chips, canned soups, olives, and salted roasted peanuts are examples of these
What are foods to be restricted/avoided with hypernatremia?
Diuretic use, NG suctioning, burn wound drainage, vomiting can be causes of this
What is hyponatremia?
What is an inverse relationship?
Kidney disease, cellular damage from burns, and acidosis are all potential causes of this.
What is hyperkalemia?
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
What is diffusion?
I am a class of medications that can help to increase serum calcium levels
What are phosphate binders?
Muscle weakness, bradycardia, depressed ST segment, prominent U wave, hypoactive bowel sounds are examples
What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?
3.0-4.5 mg/dL
What is a normal serum phosphate level?
This can occur if hypotonic fluids are given to infants or patient with head injuries
What is cerebral edema?
This is a protective mechanism of the body that is stimulated by fluid losses or increased serum osmolality
What is the thirst mechanism?
For severe deficiencies, I can be given IV, but be careful. I could cause respiratory or cardiac arrest.
What is magnesium sulfate?
Lethargy, malaise, hypo-reflexia, and constipation are signs of this.
What is hypercalcemia?
Too much of this electrolyte can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression.
What is magnesium?
This disorder is characterized by too little antidiuretic hormone, decreased urine specific gravity, and increased serum sodium.
What is diabetes insipidus?