F&E
The primary cation in extracellular fluid.
What is sodium?
This conveys information about the risk of contracting a disease. It refers to the number of new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time, usually annually.
What is incidence?
The four levels of anxiety from mild to most severe.
What are mild, moderate, severe, and panic?
Excessive worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A patient who is angry at their doctor yells at the nurse instead. This is an example of this defense mechanism.
What is displacement? (Redirecting emotions from the true source to a safer or less threatening target)
This electrolyte imbalance can cause muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and is often caused by diuretic use
What is hypokalemia (low potassium)?
This refers to unconscious feelings that the patient has toward a healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood for a significant other. The patient may say something like, “You remind me exactly of my sister.”
What is transference?
Name two adaptive coping mechanisms and two maladaptive coping mechanisms. (2 of each)
What are: Adaptive - exercise, meditation, talking to friends, journaling, deep breathing. Maladaptive - substance use, denial, avoidance, self-harm, aggression.
Fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult.
What is agoraphobia?
A patient who missed multiple dialysis sessions says, “I didn’t go because the weather was bad. It’s not my fault.”
What is Defense Mechanism: Rationalization
Therapeutic Communication Response: “It sounds like getting to appointments has been challenging. Let’s explore what might help you get there consistently.”
A patient with diarrhea is at risk for losing this electrolyte found mainly in the GI tract.
What is potassium?
In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this part of the personality operates on the 'reality principle' and mediates between the id and superego.
What is the ego?
This anxiety disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having more attacks.
What is Panic Disorder?
Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety are characteristic of this disorder.
What is obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A patient struggling with medication adherence says, “I may forget pills, but I’m great at managing my diet. That’s what really matters.”
What is Defense Mechanism: Compensation
Therapeutic Communication Response: “You’ve made strong progress with your diet. Let’s talk about how we can build on that strength to help with your medications too.”
The normal range for serum sodium is this.
What is 135-145 mEq/L?
This refers to unconscious feelings that the healthcare worker has toward the patient. For instance, if the patient reminds you of someone you do not like, you may unconsciously react as if the patient were that individual.
What is countertransference?
The three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
What are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?
This stress reduction technique involves tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups in the body.
What is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)?
A patient who is very anxious accuses the nurse of being nervous and incompetent. This defense mechanism is being used
What is projection? (Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others)
Name one clinical sign of fluid volume deficit.
What is tachycardia, hypotension, dry mucous membranes, or poor skin turgor?
This describes the total number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a specific period of time, regardless of when they became ill.
What is prevalence?
Coping strategies that change the meaning of a stressor are called this.
What is cognitive reframing?
This anxiety disorder develops after exposure to a traumatic event and includes symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance, negative mood changes, and hyperarousal.
What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A patient diagnosed with terminal cancer insists 'The tests are wrong. There's nothing wrong with me.' This is an example of this defense mechanism.
What is denial? (Refusing to acknowledge painful reality or truth)