The Supreme Court has these two types of jurisdiction
What are original and appellate jurisdiction?
100
This kind of federal court handle the most cases
What are district courts?
100
Alan Bakke challenged affirmative action claiming that he was a victim of this
What is reverse discrimination?
100
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided the federal government to take this action regarding school desegregation
What is the power of the federal government to sue to integrate schools and deny federal funds to a school district?
100
These types of laws allowed for segregation and discrimination
What are Jim Crow laws?
200
Most of the cases that seek appeal to the Supreme Court experience this decision by the Court
What is denied?
200
The US Tax Court handles cases from this federal agency
What is the Internal Revenue Service?
200
This Supreme Court decision upheld segregation laws in the late 19th century
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
200
Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 supported these activities on behalf of women
What are athletics programs in schools?
200
Judges who follow precedent and the original intent of the law support this type of judicial philosophy
What is judicial restraint?
300
This is the minimum number of Supreme Court justices necessary for a majority opinion
What is five?
300
This court is where the US government can be sued for damages
What is the Court of Federal Claims?
300
In the Brown v. Board of Education decision the Supreme Court ruled that separate schools for blacks and white were this way
What were unequal due to differences in public funding?
300
Despite this law women still experience less earnings in the workplace than men
What is the Equal Pay Act of 1963?
300
Federal judges can only be removed from office by this procedure
What is impeachment?
400
For a writ of certiorari to be accepted by the Supreme Court this must happen
What is four or more justices must agree to take the case?
400
These courts greatly reduce the number of cases the Supreme Court hears
What are appeals courts?
400
This Supreme Court case ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional
What is Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?
400
This 19th century civil rights law required equal treatment for all people using public transportation; public accommodations; and to serve on juries
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
400
The Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment was originally intended to protect this group
What were newly freed slaves of the South after the Civil War?
500
This Supreme Court ruling in 1803 established the principle of judicial review; i.e. the power of the court to determine if a law was constitutional or if not struck down as null and void
What is Marbury v. Madison?
500
State courts and federal courts together are described this way
What is a dual court system?
500
University of California Board of Regents v. Allen Bakke was about this policy to address past discriminatory practices
What is affirmative action?
500
The 14th Amendment required the states to recognize these rights for all of their citizens; black and white
What is equal treatment (i.e. no discrimination) and due process rights?
500
These laws were passed by Congress to limit immigration from certain countries