The 10th amendment
What year was the Tenth Amendment ratified?
1791
Which constitutional amendment reserves powers for the states?
The Tenth Amendment.
What are enumerated powers?
Powers of the federal government that are explicitly listed in the Constitution.
What is another name for the necessary and proper clause?
The elastic clause
What is "subject-matter jurisdiction?"
A court's authority to hear cases of a specific type.
What is the nickname for the first 10 Amendments?
United States Bill of Rights.
Is the power to coin money a reserved power?
No, it is a delegated power of the federal government.
Name one example of enumerated powers related to money and commerce.
Lay and collect taxes, borrow money, and regulate foreign and interstate commerce.
What does the necessary and proper clause allow Congress to do?
To make all laws which shall be "necessary and proper" for carrying into execution its enumerated powers.
What are the two primary types of jurisdiction a court must have to hear a case?
Personal jurisdiction and subject-matter jurisdiction.
According to the Tenth Amendment, who holds the powers that are not specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government?
The states and the people.
What is the term for powers shared by both the federal and state governments?
Concurrent powers.
What is the difference between enumerated and implied powers?
Enumerated powers are explicitly written down, while implied powers are not written but are understood to be necessary to carry out the enumerated powers
Where is the necessary and proper clause located in the Constitution?
Article I, Section 8, Clause 18.
Name the two main categories of subject-matter jurisdiction that allow federal courts to hear cases.
Federal-question jurisdiction and diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction.
What principle of U.S. government does the Tenth Amendment reinforce?
Federalism, the division of powers between the federal government and state governments.
Which power allows states to try out different policies and programs, often called "laboratories of democracy"?
Reserved powers
What are some military-related enumerated powers?
Declaring war, raising and supporting armies, and providing and maintaining a navy.
Why is the clause called the "elastic clause"?
Because it allows Congress to stretch its powers to handle new situations that were not originally anticipated.
What does "concurrent jurisdiction" mean?
When both a state and a federal court have the authority to hear a case. In such situations, the plaintiff can choose which court to file in.
Give one example of a power that belongs to the states
Providing schooling and education, providing police and fire departments, or issuing driver's licenses.
What are 4 reserved powers?
Establishing local governments, conducting elections, issuing professional licenses, and creating public school systems
Which enumerated power allows Congress to make all laws "necessary and proper" for carrying out its other powers?
The "Necessary and Proper" clause (also called the Elastic Clause).
What is the difference between expressed and implied powers?
Expressed powers are explicitly listed in the Constitution, while implied powers are not stated directly but are given to Congress through the necessary and proper clause.
Which type of jurisdiction can be waived by a party
Personal jurisdiction can be waived (or consented to)