Federalism and Basics
This system shares power between national and state governments.
What is federalism?
This clause makes the Constitution the supreme law of the land.
What is the supremacy clause?
This case established implied powers?
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This type is compared to a “layer cake.”
What is dual federalism?
This refers to federal spending, taxing, and grants.
What is fiscal federalism?
This system gives all power to the national government.
What is a unitary system?
This amendment reserves power to the states and the people.
What is the 10th Amendment?
This case broadly interpreted the Commerce Clause early on.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
This type is compared to a “marble cake.”
What is cooperative federalism?
These grants have fewer restrictions and are used for broad purposes.
What are block grants?
Powers given to the states under the 10th Amendment are called these.
What are reserved powers?
This clause allows Congress to pass laws needed to carry out its powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This case limited Congress's use of the Commerce Clause.
What is U.S. v. Lopez?
This term describes the transfer of power back to the states.
What is devolution?
These grants are used for specific purposes and have special conditions.
What are categorical grants?
This event in US history most strongly reinforced national supremacy.
What is the Civil War?
This clause requires states to recognize legal acts of other states.
What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
This case reinforced federal power in civil rights enforcement.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
The notes say that states are usually policy ____.
What are policy innovators?
These require states to follow federal rules, sometimes without funding.
What are mandates?
This type of system is represented by the United Nations.
What is a confederation?
This clause ensures citizens have equal rights across states.
What is the Privileges and Immunities Clause
This landmark case established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
In the graph shown in the notes, which region of the country spent the least amount of money per pupil in public education?
What is the South?
These grants are awarded based on competition and merit.
What are project grants?