Clauses
Article VI (6) of the Constitution establishes the Constitution as the “supreme law of the land” and that federal laws take precedence over conflicting state laws
supremacy clause
the name of powers not explicitly stated but derived from expressed powers based on the Necessary and Proper Clause
implied powers
the general term for financial assistance from federal government to states
grants-in-aid
Money given to states for general purposes like community development, mental health services, and education funding
Block grants
The division of power between national and state governments
federalism
found in Article 1 Section 8, also known as the “elastic clause gives Congress the flexibility to carry out constitutional duties
necessary and proper clause
powers given to both the national government and state governments
concurrent powers
have broader, more flexible funding and are for general purpose areas, giving states more discretion in spending
block grant
States must recognize marriage licenses and court judgments from other states
full faith and credit clause
formal agreements between states that address shared concerns and responsibilities
interstate compacts
citizens are entitled to the same basic rights in all states and prevents discrimination against out-of-state citizens
privileges and immunities clause
powers that naturally belong to any sovereign nation that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution
inherent powers
begins with an enabling act and is followed by an act of admission before getting approval from Congress
process of admitting new states
not specifically listed in the Constitution such as creating a national bank, establishing a draft, and developing interstate highway system
implied powers
landmark Supreme Court case in 1819 confirmed a broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause by upholding the creation of a national bank
McCulloch vs. Maryland?
requires that states must recognize other states' public acts and records
full faith and credit clause
powers given solely to the federal government that states cannot exercise
exclusive powers
awarded for specific purposes and have strict federal guidelines and requirements
categorical grant
Rights from residents in a different state to travel between states and to conduct business would be protected under the
Privileges and immunities clause
Growing areas of federal-state cooperation, joint program administration, and shared funding responsibilities
modern cooperative federalism
requires states to return fugitives to face justice to ensure criminals can't escape justice by crossing state lines
extradition
powers kept by the states that are protected by the 10th Amendment
reserved powers
Congressional legislation authorizing a territory to form a state government with steps including writing a state constitution and establishing state government structure
enabling act
Powers a country has such as controlling immigration, conducting foreign relations, acquiring territory, and protecting national security
inherent powers
powers are carefully distributed between national and state governments
division of powers
Article that defines the relationship between states and the federal government
Article IV
powers specifically given to the national government
delegated powers
the final step of becoming a state as Congress reviews the territory’s compliance
act of admission
Powers such as coining money, making treaties, maintaining armed forces, and declaring war that only the national government can do
Exclusive powers
Powers listed in the Constitution such as declaring war, regulating interstate commerce, and printing money
expressed powers
Constitutional Amendment that ensures states retain powers not explicitly given to the federal government
10th Amendment
powers explicitly stated in the Constitution also known as "enumerated powers
expressed powers
awarded for specific projects as part of a competitive process
project grant
Powers such as establishing public schools, regulating marriage and divorce, managing intrastate commerce, and creating local governments that belong to the states
Reserved powers
powers are explicitly denied to both the national and state governments
denied powers