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FeLV
FIV
Prevention
Diagnosis
100
What is the treatment for FIV and FeLV?
There is no cure. Treatment consists primarily of supportive care and treating secondary infections caused by the immunosuppressive effects of the viruses.
100
What does FeLV stand for?
Feline Leukemia Virus Infection
100
What does FIV stand for?
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
100
What is the best form of prevention for FIV and FeLV?
Housing cats indoors and not sharing potential fomites like water bowls and litter pans with seropositive cats. Also, keeping infected cats indoors decreases their exposure to possible secondary infections and decreases their chance of spreading the infection.
100
What is the screening test of choice for both FIV and FeLV?
Snap ElISA test
200
What is the most common clinical sign in cats with FIV?
#1 clinical sign in a study of 893 cats was stomatitis/gingivitis (53%) #2 chronic URI (30%) #3 weight loss, chronic diarrhea, chronic dermatitis, fever (10-15% each)
200
What is the principal route of infection?
Prolonged contact with infected cat saliva and nasal secretions (grooming, sharing water/food sources). The virus does not survive in the environment. Also, perinatal transmission with most kittens not surviving.
200
What is the principal route of infection?
Bite wounds
200
When would you recommend a FeLV vaccine? (2 situations)
According to NWAH Standars of Wellness Care: All kittens (2 doses 3-4 weeks apart) Annually for adults at high risk (outdoor lifestyle, high risk of escape, and other lives with other cats that go outdoors) However, efficacy is less than 100%.
200
What is the confirmatory test of choice for FIV positive cats?
Western Blot test
300
Which cells does the FIV virus replicate in?
Lymphocytes and macrophages, causing a distribution in the immune system function.
300
What is the most common signalment for an infected animal? (i.e. gender and age)
Outdoor male middle aged (mean age of 5 years old) feline
300
What is the most common signalment for an infected animal? (i.e. gender and age)
Outdoor male young to middle aged (mean age 3 years) feline
300
When should cats be screened for Leukemia/FIV? (3 situations)
According to NWAH Standards of Wellness Care: All kittens and cats should be tested once Cats with outdoor practices should be tested annually Eight weeks after a cat bite
300
A 2 year old cat tests positive on a SNAP ELISA test. What do you tell the owner?
The cat may clear the infection on her own (transient infection). Isolate your cat (keep her away from other cats and do not let her outside) and bring her back to retest in 12 weeks. If she is positive at that time, send out for an IFA.
400
What is the prognosis for persistently viremic cats with FeLV?
Guarded with the majority dieing within 2 to 3 years.
400
What is the prevalence of FeLV in this country? (%)
1.5-3% in a healthy population and 9-15% in cats with clinical illness
400
What is the prevalence of FIV in North America? (%)
A 2006 study (Levy et al) found 2.3% of cats in North America to have antigenemia. Prevalance 3-4 times greater in cats exhibiting signs of clinical illness.
400
When would you recommend a FIV vaccine?
Never. AAFP does not recommend FIV vaccination due to no evidence of protection and it causing false positives on tests for FIV.
400
A 4 month old kitten is positive for FIV on a SNAP ELISA test, what do you tell the owner?
Kitten less than 6 months old may test positive due to passive transfer of antibodies from their mom. Retest the kitten at 8-12 months old.
500
What are the most common neoplasms associated with FeLV?
Mediastinal, multicentric, and alimentary lymphomas
500
What type of virus is FeLV?
Retrovirus, Gammaretrovirus genus It causes immunodeficiency and neoplastic disease.
500
What type of virus is FIV?
Retrovirus, Lentivirus genus Same genus as HIV, the causative agen of AIDS in humans.
500
What type of vaccine is the leukemia vaccine and does it contain adjuvant? (Transdermal and injectable)
Transdermal: Canarypox virus-vectored recombinant, non-adjuvanted Injectable: Killed, adjuvanted
500
What CBC changes are seen in cats clinically ill for Leukemia?
Nonregenerative anemia Decreased lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets
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