Klein Concepts (K)
This Kleinian position involves the infant's attempt to manage anxiety by splitting the world and self into "good" and "bad."
What is the paranoid-schizoid position?
Horney believed this feeling, arising from childhood experiences, is the foundation of neurosis.
What is basic anxiety?
Both Klein and Horney emphasized the importance of this period in shaping personality.
What is early childhood?
This is the primary emotion that Horney believed underlies neurotic behavior.
What is anxiety?
While Klein focused on internal objects, Horney emphasized the importance of these external factors.
What are social and cultural factors?
The term Klein used for the internalized representations of significant others, such as the mother's breast.
What are object relations?
Horney identified these ten irrational needs that neurotic individuals develop to cope with basic anxiety.
What are neurotic needs?
Klein focused on the infant's relationship with this primary caregiver.
Who is the mother?
Klein's concept of projective identification is considered a type of this psychological mechanism.
What is a defense mechanism?
Klein's theory is often described as more focused on this aspect of development, while Horney's is more focused on this.
What is the inner world (Klein) and social environment (Horney)?
This defense mechanism, described by Klein, involves attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to another person.
What is projective identification?
This neurotic trend involves seeking approval and affection at all costs.
What is moving toward people?
Horney believed that disturbed relationships with these figures could lead to basic anxiety.
Who are parents?
Horney described these strategies that individuals use to cope with basic anxiety.
What are neurotic trends?
Horney emphasized the role of these in shaping personality, while Klein focused on the infant's drives.
What are cultural and social factors?
In Kleinian theory, the infant's initial relationship is primarily with this part-object.
What is the mother's breast?
Horney described this as the idealized image of oneself that neurotic individuals create.
What is the idealized self?
This concept, central to Klein, describes the infant's early experience of splitting the world into good and bad.
What is splitting?
This Kleinian defense mechanism involves splitting the self and others to avoid the experience of ambivalence.
What is splitting?
Both Klein and Horney revised Freudian theory, but Klein focused more on the earliest infant stages and this type of relations, while Horney revised Freud's views on women and focused on social factors.
What are object relations?
The Kleinian position that involves a more integrated view of self and others, along with the capacity for guilt and reparation.
What is the depressive position?
This neurotic trend involves striving for power and control over others.
What is moving against people?
Horney argued that cultural factors, particularly parenting styles, play a significant role in personality development, emphasizing this over innate drives.
What is nurture?
Horney argued that neurotic individuals often deny or distort their true feelings, using defenses like rationalization or denial, to protect themselves from this.
What is basic anxiety?
A key difference is that Klein saw anxiety as stemming from innate drives and fantasies, while Horney believed it arose primarily from these.
What are disturbed interpersonal relationships?