EMBRYOLOGY
Where does the moderator band form in the fetal heart?
Right ventricle
What is the most superior structure in the fetal heart?
The Aorta
Most common cardiac tumor?
Rhabdomyoma
Most common fetal arrhythmia?
Premature atrial contractions ( PACs)
What is most strongly associated with an increased PSV in the MCA?
Fetal anemia
Name the 3 shunts in fetal circulation
Ductus Venosus, Ductus Arteriosus and Foramen Ovale
Where is the SA node located in the fetal heart?
Upper right atrium
What is it called when the fetal heart is in the right chest and the apex is pointing to the left ?
Dextroposition
What is it called when a fetal heart rate exceeds 300 bpm?
Atrial flutter
The E/A ratio of the mitral valve does what as the pregnancy progresses?
Increases
In fetal heart development what valves are the last to form?
Semilunar valves
The Brachiocephalic artery branches into what two main vessels?
Interrupted IVC with azygous continuation is strongly associated with what heterotaxy syndrome?
Left atrial isomerism / Polysplenia
What cardiac conduction defect shows complete dissociation of atrial and ventricular contractions?
Complete heart block
What does the "E" represent in the E/A ratio
Ventricular diastole
Abnormal looping of the heart tube to the LEFT results in what type of transposition?
Congenitally corrected TGA ( L- TGA)
Describe the location of the Pulmonary valve in relation to the Aortic valve
Anterior and to the left
Ebstein's anomaly
What is the first line drug in treating SVT in nonhydropic fetuses
Digoxin
The time between the beginning of the Doppler wave and its peak velocity is called..
Acceleration time
The heart develops from which primary germ cell layer?
Mesoderm
What valve is located at the ostium of the coronary sinus?
Thebesian valve
What is it called when the aortic arch splits into a right and left arch to encircle the trachea and esophagus?
Double Aortic Arch
What arrythmia is associated with Ebstien's anomaly?
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
How do you calculate the Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) ?
Isovolumetric contraction time + Isovolumetric relaxation time / Ejection time