Carolingian Empire
What are Marches?
Marches were well-defended border regions. (28)
What is a demesne?
The land that the lord used directly. (32)
What does fallow mean?
The land that was rested so that the soil would become fertile again. (36)
What is the tithe?
A tax the church imposed (38)
Name of a group of advisers?
Royal council or Curia (30)
What modern day states/countries were part of the Carolingian Empire?
France, West Germany, Northern Italy
What is a vassal? Why were they needed by the king?
A noble who was given land in exchange they swore fealty to provide military assistance to their king. The king needed vassals because kings royal armies were often small. (32)
What were the three estates? What were their roles?
Nobility had a military role
Clergy provided religious support
Peasants, merchants, and craftsmen worked the land, and generated the income (34)
What was excommunication? Why was it bad?
Expulsion from the Catholic Church. If you were expelled from the Church you would lose your authority and possibly face eternal suffering. (38)
The vikings started as raiders and warriors what did they become?
Traders, merchants, and farmers.
What was another name of the Carolingian Empire, what year was Charlemagne crowned, and who crowned him?
Holy Roman Empire, 800, the Catholic pope (28)
What is a fief? Who gave out fiefs? Who received smaller fiefs?
A large piece of land. Lords. Knights. (32)
What are the differences between the serfs & and the free peasants?
Serfs were completely under the authority of their feudal lord. They could only leave with the lord's permission. They also needed the lord's permission to get married. (36)
What were the differences between the secular & regular clergy? What were women's religious orders called?
The regular clergy were members of the religious orders who lived in separate communities. Secular clergy lived within the establishment? (39)
Woman lived in Convents
Who were the three invaders? Where did they originate from?
Vikings from Scandinavia, Magyars from Asian Steppe, and Muslims from Northern Africa (30)
What were the real rulers of the Carolingian Empire called? What was the name of one of these rulers and what was he famous for?
Mayors of the Palace. Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Poitiers in 732. (28)
What were the problems with the feudal system?
Feudal lords were virtually independent. Consequently there was constant violence. (32)
What were the phrases of childhood for a knight? What age did they become a knight?
They began their education as pages then became squires who offered military service to a knight. Age 20 they became knights. (35)
Why were the crusades called? Who called them? What year was the First Crusade called?
To recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. Pope Urban II in called the crusade in 1095. (39)
What were four reasons why monarchs had little effective power?
Many royal decisions only affected the monarch's personal territoy, and did not apply to the whole kingdom.(30)
When monarchs died, their kingdoms were often divided as the result of inheritance.
Royal armies were small, so the monarchs depended on armies raised by powerful lords.
Kings could not collect taxes from their subjects.
What was the Treaty of Verdun? What year was it implemented? What were the names of the three people involved? What did they rule?
YOU MUST ANSWER ALL PARTS OF THIS QUESTION!!
Treaty of Verdun of 843 divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts, which were ruled by Charlemagne's grandsons:
Charles the Bald (WEST)
Louis the GERMAN (EAST)
Lothair (MIDDLE) and/or title of Emperor (29)
What was the feudal system? What type of system was it (3 types). Why did the system arise? When was it used in Europe?
Political, social, and economic system in Europe between the 10th and 13th centuries. The nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
What were a Nobelwomens' roles in life? Were their rights limited or not? Explain?
Women did not have many rights in the Middle Ages. It was considered that noblewomen's main role was to marry and have children in order to continue the family line.
Leading families usually arranged marriages, often when the future husband and wife were still children.
Unmarried noblewomen entered convents where they reached a high level of education, and studied foreign languages, including Latin. (35)
What were the six parts of a European Medieval Monastery? Please define them.
Church: Building where monks worshiped
Guest House: Pilgrims stayed here
Scriptorium: The room where books were written, translated, and illustrated.
Infirmary: Cared for the sick
Cloister: A square open courtyard
Refectory: The dining room where the monks ate at large tables.
What was the ultimate effect of the second wave of invasions.
The failure of the European monarchs to resist the second wave of invasions effectively led to the emergence of powerful regional lords and the rise of the feudal system. (30)