Castles
What is a Castle?
A large stone building used for protection and as the home of a lord.
The Pillory was used as what kind of Punishment?
Public Humiliation.
What is a lord?
A noble who was given land by the king in return for loyalty and military service.
What is cavalry?
This type of soldier fought on horseback. Their speed and power made them effective for charges, but they were vulnerable if unhorsed.
Cooper (Big Coop ( The Coopter ( Coopernator 6767))) Garner Owes How many Push Ups?
26 from last class when he didnt do them.
What is the Black Death (Bubonic Plague)?
This deadly disease spread through Europe in the 1300s and killed millions of people.
What is a Moat?
The deep water-filled ditch surrounding many castles.
What is Hersey?
An opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs
What is a Primary source?
A primary source is an original, first-hand account or record of an event, topic, or time period created by someone who directly experienced or witnessed it.
What is a trebuchet?
A large medieval weapon used to launch stones at castle walls.
What is fealty?
The promise of loyalty and service a vassal made to a lord.
What is a manor?
Most people in medieval Europe lived and worked in Manors owned and governed by lords, and areas around this forming villages.
What is a Murderhole?
A murder hole is a hole in the ceiling of a castle gatehouse or passageway, used by defenders to drop rocks, pour boiling liquids, or shoot arrows down on attackers attempting to breach the entrance.
Witchcraft was regarded as what kind of Crime?
Heresey.
What is Feudalism?
This system organised medieval society based on land ownership and loyalty. Feudalism helped monarchs control their nobles and lords. If the lords broke their oath, the monarch could take back their lands and remove their power. Everyone had control over those below them, down to the peasants at the bottom.
What is a siege?
This type of warfare involved surrounding a castle to starve defenders and break their resistance.
Zachary (Zacccharia )Zacharias (Zacharriry (Zachtastic (Zac))))) Webb wanted to be known by this title.
Lord Almighty Monarch ( Nugget Muncher )
What are cathedrals?
These large stone buildings were centres of worship and often the tallest buildings in towns.
What is a Drawbridge?
A castle drawbridge is a movable wooden bridge, typically spanning a moat or ditch, that could be raised or lowered to control access to a castle, serving as a key defensive feature to prevent enemy entry during attacks.
What was the punishment for Gossiping?
The Scolds Brittle or the Ducking Stool.
A young nobleman attendant upon a knight and ranked next below a knight in feudal hierarchy.
List 4 advantages and disadvantages of Castles during Warfare.
Advantages
Strong stone walls provided protection
Height advantage for defenders
Difficult for attackers to enter
Defensive features like moats and drawbridges
Disadvantages
Limited food and water if surrounded
Defenders could become trapped during a siege
If walls were breached, fighting became chaotic
Large castles required many soldiers to defend
What is a Serf?
Farmers who worked the lord’s land and were tied to the manor.
What kind of food did Peasants eat?
Dark bread made from rye or barley
Vegetable stew called pottage (cabbage, onions, carrots, beans)
Porridge
Cheese
Occasionally eggs
Ale or weak beer
What is a Keep?
A castle keep is the central, heavily fortified tower within a medieval castle, serving as the last line of defense, the lord’s residence, and a secure refuge during sieges.
Public flogging was a response to what crime?
Theft
Who implemented the Feudal System?
Charlemagne King of the Franks
What is a Ballista?
Ballista is an ancient ranged siege engine used to launch large bolts, stones, or other projectiles at distant targets.
What did Zac (Lord Nugget Muncher Do) after frolic in a field of flowers?
Fell into a puddle of mud and got some chicken nuggies.
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of the feudal system for peasants living on a manor.
Advantage:
Protection from invading armies
Access to land to farm
Stability and community
Disadvantage:
Very little freedom
Heavy taxes and labour duties
Poor living conditions
Could not easily leave the land