Vocabulary
Germanic people in the Roman province of Gaul (France today)
Who are the Franks?
Made of heavy timber with a sharp tip for caving in doors
What is a battering ram?
An imposing figure who built an empire greater than any since ancient Rome
Who is Charlemagne?
Church Law
What is canon law?
Lord's estateq
What is a manor?
Focus on worldly power rather thn religious.
What is secular?
A wooden wall that shielded soldiers from arrows and spears
What is a Mantlet?
First ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire
Who is Frederick I?
Bishops and priests
What are the clergy?
Peasants rarely travelled this more than __________ miles from their own manor
What is 25?
After the decline of Rome, an era in in European history between 500 and 1500 AD
What are the middle ages?
Imported from China, they made knights more effective fighters on horseback
What are saddles and stirrups?
Pope who banned lay investiture
Who is Gregory VII?
The practice of the king and nobles appointing church officials
What is lay investiture?
Producing everything one needs on a manor
What is self-sufficient?
Political system where lords are granted the use of lands that belong to the king
What is feudalism?
Siege weapon that flung huge rocks that crashed into castle walls from up to 1300 ft
What is a mangonel?
German Emperor who protested the end of lay investiture and was excommunicated.
Who is Henry IV?
Compromise over lay investiture.
What is the Concordat of Worms?
Used to grind flour, these had to be obtained outside the manor
What are mill stones?
Church tax
What is a tithe?
Siege weapon that moved slowly on wheels to protect soldiers from arrows and spears
What is a tortoise?
Three groups who attacked Europe and helped start the practice of feudalism
Who are the Vikings, Magyars and Muslims?
German-Italian Empire created by Otto
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
This ceremony could only take place with the lord's consent
What is a marriage?