Ventilation & Fire Behavior
Ventilation & Fire Behavior
Minimizing Backdrafts & Flashovers
Types of Ventilation I
Types of Ventilation II
Vertical Ventilation I
Vertical Ventilation II
Vertical Ventilation III
100
An offensive fire attack initiated by a quick, indirect, exterior attack into the fire compartment is called this.
What is a transitional attack?
100
This is the open space between the ceiling of the top floor and the underside of the roof. Another name for attic.
What is a cockloft?
100
This is the critical temperature for a flashover to occur.
What is 1000°?
100
The venting of structures involving the opening of bulkhead doors, skylights, scuttles, and roof cutting to release smoke and heat.
What is vertical ventilation?
100
The use of positive pressure fans to control the flow of products of combustion while fire suppression efforts are underway.
What is positive-pressure attack?
100
The membrane, which may also be the roof assembly, that resists fire and provides weather protection to the building against water infiltration, wind, and impact.
What is the roof covering?
100
A ventilation opening that is usually about 8'X4' in size and is primarily used for large commercial buildings with flat roofs.
What is the 7,9,8 rectangular cut?
100
An additional ventilation opening made for the purpose of creating a larger opening or limiting fire spread.
What is a secondary cut?
200
A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space.
What is a ventilation-limited fire?
200
The condition in which smoke hangs low to the ground because of the presence of cold air.
What is smoke inversion?
200
This is an explosion resulting from the sudden introduction of air into a confined space containing oxygen-deficient products of incomplete combustion.
What is backdraft?
200
The flow of air or gasses created by the difference in the pressures or gas densities between the outside and inside of a vent, room, or space.
What is natural ventilation?
200
A mechanical device, similar to a large fan, that can be used to force heat, smoke, and gases from a post-fire environment and draw in fresh air.
What is a smoke ejector?
200
This is the greatest risk to firefighters who are performing vertical ventilation.
What is roof collapse?
200
A cut that is the width and depth of the saw blade. It is used to inspect cockloft spaces from the roof.
What is the kerf cut?
200
A ventilation opening that runs along the top of a pitched roof.
What is a peak cut?
300
The interface at a vent, such as a doorway or window opening between the hot gas flowing out and the cool air flowing in.
What is the neutral plane?
300
Open spaces within walls for wires and pipes are called these.
What are chases?
300
This is the ignition temperature of propane.
What is 896°?
300
Ventilation that relies on electric fans to pull or draw the air from a structure or area.
What is negative-pressure ventilation?
300
Ventilation that relies on the movement of air caused by a fog stream that is placed 2 to 4 ft in front of an open window.
What is hydraulic ventilation?
300
The part of a wall entirely above the roofline.
What is a parapet?
300
A cut that is made using power saws and axes to cut along and between roof supports so that the sections created can be tilted into the opening.
What is the louver cut?
300
The main ventilation opening made in a roof to allow smoke, heat, and gases to escape. (over the seat of the fire)
What is the primary cut?
400
A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are controlled by the characteristics of the fuel because there is adequate oxygen available for combustion.
What is fuel-limited fire?
400
This type of construction refers to a building in which all of the structural components are made of noncombustible materials, such as steel or concrete.
What is Type I Construction?
400
A transition phase in the development of a compartment fire in which surfaces exposed to thermal radiation reach ignition temperature more or less at the same time.
What is flashover?
400
The opening or removal of windows or doors on any floor of a fire building to create flow paths for fire conditions
What is horizontal ventilation?
400
Ventilation that relies on fans to push or force clean air into a structure after a structure fire has been controlled.
What is positive-pressure ventilation?
400
The rigid portion of roof between the roof supports and the roof covering.
What is the roof decking?
400
The process of striking a roof with a tool to determine where the roof supports are located.
What is sounding?
400
A roof cut that is made from one load-bearing wall to another load-bearing wall and that is intended to prevent horizontal fire spread in a building.
What is a trench cut or strip cut?
500
The movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area toward the lower pressure areas accessible via doors, window openings, and roof structures.
What is the flow path?
500
The type of construction in which structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are entirely or partially of wood or other approved material.
What is Type V Construction?
500
This is the minimum temperature a substance should attain in order to ignite under specific test conditions.
What is ignition temperature?
500
A process of removing heat, smoke, and gases from a fire area by using exhaust fans, blowers, air-conditioning systems, or smoke ejectors.
What is mechanical ventilation?
500
This describes which type of ventilation?
What is hydraulic ventilation?
500
Thins strips of wood used to make the supporting structure for roof tiles.
What are laths?
500
A triangle-shaped ventilation cut in the roof decking that is made using a saw or an axe.
What is the triangular cut?
500
True or False:
With all types of vertical ventilation, careful coordination between the ventilation crew and the interior attack crew is essential.
What is true?