Women in Psychology
Play therapy
Melanie Klein
Founder of Psychoanalysis; developed theories of the unconscious mind and psychosexual stages
Sigmund Freud
Greek philosopher known as the "father of science" and "father of western logic.”
Aristotle
The mental ability to switch between different tasks or mental sets and adjust one's thinking to new information.
Cognitive Flexibility
Maslow's theory that human needs are arranged in a pyramid, with basic needs at the bottom and the highest level being self-fulfillment.
Hierarchy of Needs
Pioneered the television advice show
Dr. Joyce Brothers
Considered the leading contemporary Sport Psychology consultant focused on coping skills and mental toughness.
Ken Ravizza
French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist famous for establishing modern rationalism, inventing analytic geometry.
Rene Descartes
A phenomenon where a person experiences a real improvement after receiving an inactive treatment simply because they believe the treatment will work
Placebo Effect
The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy; the lifelong process of fulfilling one's full potential and realizing one's deepest capabilities.
Self Actualization
Pioneering Mexican American psychologist and first latina to earn her doctorate in Clinical Psychology.
Dr. Martha Bernal
Known for the Bobo doll experiment and the concept of self-efficacy in Social Learning Theory.
Albert Bandura
English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".
John Locke
A long-standing debate regarding whether human traits are primarily the result of biological inheritance or environmental influences and experiences.
Nature vs. Nurture
The study of how psychological factors influence performance in sports and physical activity, and how participation affects well-being.
Sports Psychology
Pioneering psychoanalyst known for her critiques of Freudian theory and her contributions to feminine psychology.
Karen Horney
Developed the Hierarchy of Needs and is a founder of Humanistic Psychology.
Abraham Maslow
Athenian philosopher and student of Socrates who is considered a founder of Western philosophy.
Plato
The ability to understand, appreciate, and effectively interact with people from cultures and/or belief systems different from one's own.
Multicultural Competence
The branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness, abnormal behavior, and psychiatric problems.
Clinical Psychology
American professor of psychology known as the Mother of Mindfullness
Ellen Langer
Conducted the controversial Milgram experiment on obedience to authority.
Stanley Milgram
The incorporation, by individuals within an oppressed group, of the negative stereotypes and beliefs about their own racial group.
Internalized Racism
A therapeutic approach, usually used with children, that utilizes play to help them express and process their feelings and experiences.
Play Therapy