Geography
Highest mountain in the Alps
Mont Blanc
Philosophy that resulted in people promoting human progress over belief in God
Humanism
World's largest art museum
Louvre
French military hero during the French Revolution who seized power of the government and later crowned himself emperor of France
Napoleon Bonaparte
During what period of time did the French demand changes in society and revolt against their government?
French Revolution
Master painter, architect, sculptor, inventor, and engineer during the Renaissance; designed advanced machines and made accurate, scientific drawings of the human body
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian navigator who was the first man to realize that the lands in the Western Hemisphere were an unexplored continent and not part of Asia
Amerigo Vespucci
Volcano in Italy that erupted in A.D. 79
Mount Vesuvius
Series of wars fought between France and England over territory and the rightful heir to the French throne
Hundred Years' War
Birthplace of the Italian Renaissance
Florence
Spanish monarchs who defeated the last Moorish ruler of Spain, established Spain as a Catholic kingdom, and paid for Christopher Columbus's voyage west to search for a water route to Asia
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
In what year did Christopher Columbus discover the New World?
1492
One of the founders of modern science
Galileo Galilei
Italian navigator who explored and claimed land in North America for England
John Cabot
Europe's most active volcano; located on the island of Sicily
Mount Etna
Deep, narrow passes between steep heights
Gorges
Peninsula that contains the countries of Spain, Portugal, and Andorra
Iberian Peninsula
Who lead the Protestant Reformation in France?
John Calvin
What philosophical movement is known as the Age of Reason?
Enlightenment
Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztec Empire and brought Mexico under Spanish rule
Hernando Cortés
Portuguese navigator who began the first successful expedition to circumnavigate the earth
Ferdinand Magellan
Body of water that separates the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas
Adriatic Sea
Idea that the king receives his authority from God and has the power to rule unquestioned
Divine right of kings
Samuel de Champlain is known for discovering and naming Lake Champlain, but he also founded this city
Leader of the Fascist Party who became dictator of Italy after World War I
Benito Mussolini
What Spanish general led the revolt in Spain's civil war and ruled as dictator after World War II?
Francisco Franco
Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas
Vasco de Balboa
Explorer who made the first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America
Juan Ponce de León
Mountains that separate the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe
Pyrenees
Period of the rebirth of culture; lasted from around 1340 to 1550
Italian Renaissance
Narrow body of water that separates Europe from Africa by just eight miles
Strait of Gibraltar
French monarch who promoted the theory of the divine right of kings; also known as the Sun King
King Louis XIV
What young French woman advised the French military, helping them defeat the English in several battles during the Hundred Years' War?
Joan of Arc
One of the most influential artists of the Renaissance; painted the ceiling of Rome's Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Portuguese explorer who was the first European to discover Brazil
Pedro Cabral
Longest river on the Iberian Peninsula
Tagus River
French Protestants
Huguenots
Body of water that forms France's west coast and Spain's north coast
Bay of Biscay
French leader who set up a democratic government called the Fifth Republic and became president of France
Charles de Gaulle
What French explorer discovered the St. Lawrence River?
Jacques Cartier
One of the greatest artists of the Renaissance; one of the architects who helped designed and direct the building of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
Portuguese explorer who led the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa