🧲 Force & Motion
What force pulls objects toward Earth’s center?
Gravity
What is the process called when a liquid becomes a gas?
Evaporation
What tool measures air temperature?
Thermometer
What body system includes the heart and blood vessels?
Circulatory system
What do we call organisms that make their own food from sunlight?
Producers
A toy car rolls farther on a smooth floor than on carpet. What force is acting against the motion of the car on the carpet?
Friction
Ice melts into water. What kind of change is this physical or chemical? Explain.
Physical, because the substance is still water.
What part of the water cycle involves water vapor cooling and forming clouds?
Condensation
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
They break down dead plants and animals and return nutrients to the soil.
What happens when two equal forces act in opposite directions on an object?
They cancel out, resulting in no movement.
A metal spoon feels colder than a wooden spoon in ice water. What property of the metal causes this?
Conductivity – metal transfers heat faster.
Which factors influence a region’s climate more: daily weather patterns or long-term ocean currents?
Long-term ocean currents
How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?
The respiratory system brings in oxygen, and the circulatory system delivers it to cells.
A rabbit eats grass. A fox eats the rabbit. What is this an example of?
A food chain
A student uses the same force to push a basketball and a bowling ball. Which will accelerate faster and why?
The basketball, because it has less mass.
How does adding heat to a substance usually affect its particles?
Particles move faster and spread apart.
How does the presence of a mountain range affect weather on either side of it?
It can block moisture, causing one side to be wetter and the other drier.
Food is broken down in the digestive system. Which organ absorbs most nutrients into the bloodstream?
Small intestine
Why would removing all predators from an ecosystem likely harm it?
Prey populations would increase too much and use up resources.
An object is moving forward and suddenly slows down and stops. List two possible forces acting on it and explain their effects.
Friction and gravity; friction slows the object down, gravity pulls it downward.
A student mixes two clear liquids. Bubbles form, and the temperature increases. What type of change likely occurred, and what evidence supports it?
Chemical change; evidence = gas production and temperature change.
Compare and contrast how high and low pressure systems affect weather.
High pressure = clear skies; low pressure = clouds and precipitation.
A student eats lunch and later runs in P.E. Describe how at least three systems interact to help them get energy and move.
Digestive breaks down food → circulatory transports nutrients → muscular system allows movement with energy.
An invasive species enters a new ecosystem and has no natural predators. Predict two effects it could have.
It may outcompete native species and reduce biodiversity.