Old School Review
These are the two primary uses of a theoretical model.
What are to EXPLAIN SITUATIONS and TO PREDICT OUTCOMES?
This form of power is suggested by Constructivism as the ability to change norms, ideas, or narratives.
What is IDEATIONAL or DISCURSIVE POWER?
This is the fancy, academic term Constructivists use to describe phenomena that don't exist in nature--i.e. human artifacts or "shared ideas."
What are SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS?
This theoretical perspective suggests that conflict stems from unequal economic relationships between classes, and states thus fight wars to increase their wealthy elites' control over resources and territory.
What is MARXISM?
This form of power stresses the attractiveness of ideas and persuasion rather than coercion through military power and economic incentives
What is SOFT POWER?
These are the two factors that differentiate peace enforcement from peacekeeping.
What are THE EXISTENCE OF A CEASEFIRE, and THE AGREEMENT OF ALL PARTIES to foreign intervention?
This form of peace represents only a "lack of conflict."
What is a NEGATIVE PEACE?
These are the THREE STAGES of the Norms Cycle.
What are NORM EMERGENCE, NORM CASCADE, and NORM INTERNALIZATION?
This is an example of a collective security organization.
What is the UN, League of Nations, or the Concert of Europe?
This organization began in the 1950s as a regional Coal and Steel community, growing to become a prominent security community and regional political body.
What is the European Union?
These are three dimensions or types of "international security."
What are NATIONAL SECURITY, ECONOMIC SECURITY, and HUMAN SECURITY?
As opposed to collective security, this arrangement sees states banding together against a common threat.
What is EXTERNAL BALANCING or ALLIANCE?
This is the Constructivist term for a diverse and international group of actors--individuals, often augmented by NGOs, IOs, or governments--that forms around a given issue and drives its narrative.
What is a TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORK?
In Marxist lingo, this term represents the global working class.
What is the PROLETARIAT?
In addition to 5 permanent members with veto power, this body has 10 rotating seats and focuses on issues of war and peace.
What is the UN SECURITY COUNCIL?
This level of analysis focuses on domestic politics within a state, as well as cultural and social differences between different kinds of states.
What is the STATE or NATIONAL level?
This form of anarchy, in Constructivist view, has states viewing each other as rivals, but still capable of some degree of cooperation and conflict management.
What is LOCKEAN ANARCHY?
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council have these two major sources of power in common.
What are VETO POWER and NUCLEAR WEAPONS?
In Marxist Lingo, this group represents the global elite.
What is the bourgeoisie?
This explanation for International Organizations argues that IOs exist to solve common problems, facilitate cooperation, and reduce conflict.
What are PROBLEM-BASED EXPLANATIONS?
Unlike an alliance, this kind of security arrangement includes rivals within it, agreeing that all parties will refrain from war with other members, and act as United Nations against any aggressor.
What is a COLLECTIVE SECURITY ORGANIZATION?
This form of anarchy, in Constructivist view, features states that perceive each other as friends with common interests.
What is KANTIAN ANARCHY?
During the "Norm Emergence" stage of the cycle, these actors ("true believers") agitate to raise an issue onto the agenda of governments and prominent influencers.
Who are NORM/POLICY ENTREPRENEURS?
In WST, this class of states is exploited by all other states for natural resources and low cost labor.
What is the Periphery?
These are three ways to categorize international organizations.
What are DECISION PROCESS, MEMBERSHIP, and SCOPE?
These are three major sources of international law.
What are TREATIES, CUSTOM, PRINCIPLES, and/or JUDICIAL DECISIONS/PRECEDENT?
Like modern Iraq, this form of democracy guarantees a given amount of representation to different ethnic or religious groups.
What is CONSOCIATIONAL DEMOCRACY?
These are the THREE TYPES OF ANARCHY envisioned by most Constructivists.
What are HOBBESIAN, LOCKEAN, AND KANTIAN ANARCHY?
In WST, this class of states produces "secondary goods," usually for the consumption of wealthier states above it, and often exploits lower class states to do so.
What is the Semi-Periphery?
These are three of the five principal organs of the United Nations.
What are the SECURITY COUNCIL, SECRETARIAT, GENERAL ASSEMBLY, INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, and/or ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL?