Infectious Disease
This is an organism that causes disease
What is a pathogen?
These are the four barriers of your body that keep pathogens out:
1. Skin
2. Breathing Passages
3. Mouth
4. Stomach
This is the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease
What is immunity?
This is a disease that is not caused by pathogens in the body
What is a noninfectious disease?
This is a disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, over and over, destroying healthy tissue in the process.
What is cancer?
This is a disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body
What is an infectious disease?
In spite of barriers, pathogens sometimes get into your body and begin to damage cells. When your body cells are damaged, they release chemicals that trigger the ...
What is the inflammatory response?
When the body produces antibodies so quickly that a person does not get sick when exposed to a disease’s pathogens. This type of immunity is long-lasting.
What is active immunity?
This is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance (something not normally found in the body)
What is an allergen?
These are substances or factors in the environment that can cause cancer
What are carcinogens?
These are the four major groups of human pathogens
What are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists?
This is the body's third line of defense; the body's disease-fighting system
What is the immune response?
This is the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a person’s body to produce active immunity.
What is vaccination?
A disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly, causing wheezing and shortness of breath.
What is asthma?
How can societies reduce the risk of cancer?
The environment may contain carcinogens. To reduce the risk of cancer, carcinogens need to be removed or people need to be protected from them.
This French scientist showed that microorganisms cause certain kinds of diseases and that killing them could prevent the spread of those diseases.
Who was Louis Pasteur?
This is a white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down
What is a phagocyte?
This is a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells
What is an antibiotic?
This is a condition where either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body's cells fail to properly use insulin.
What is diabetes?
This British doctor observed more skin cancers in chimney sweeps, who were covered in soot, than in the rest of the population.
Who was Percivall Pott?
This German physicist demonstrated that each infectious disease is caused by a specific
kind of pathogen.
Who was Robert Koch?
This is what happens during the inflammatory response
Fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues. The white blood cells then fight the pathogens.
These are the two ways in which the body can acquire active immunity:
1. Getting infected by a disease’s pathogen
2. Vaccination
This is how the body reacts to the presence of an allergen
When lymphocytes encounter allergens, they produce antibodies that signal the cells to release histamine, causing symptoms such as sneezing.
These are three carcinogens found in the environment
Ultraviolet light
Vinyl chloride
Arsenic
These are the four ways in which a pathogen can spread:
1. Contact with an infected person
2. Soil, food, or water
3. Contaminated object
4. An infected animal
These are the four major steps involved in the immune response:
1. A T cell recognizes a pathogen
2. Some T cells attack the pathogen
3. Other T cells activate B cells
4. Antibodies then destroy the pathogens
Give one reason why passive immunity usually does not last very long:
Received antibodies disappear in a few weeks or months.
Also, the person's immune system has not been stimulated to produce T and B cells against the particular pathogen.
In other words, the immune system doesn’t develop “memory” from passive immunity
This is how cancerous tumors harm the body
They invade and destroy the healthy tissue around them, and cancer cells may break off and spread to other parts of the body
This is the relationship between ultraviolet light, ozone, and skin cancer
The ozone layer provides protection by absorbing ultraviolet light, which can cause skin cancer.
Without the ozone layer, we would be burnt up.