WWI
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Who are the Triple Alliance during WWI?
Plan to avoid two-front war with France to the west and Russia to the East by moving against France first through Belgium and defeat it quickly by encircling and crushing its army because Russia's army was too slow to mobilize
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
What is Battle of Verdun?
Granted women the right to vote
What is the 19th amendment?
Allowed for the direct election of senators by voters, not state legislators
What is 17th Amendment?
Assassinated Archduke Franx Ferdinand in Bosnia because Serbian nationalists viewed Austrians like him as foreign oppressors
Who is Gavrilo Princip?
During WWI, both sides on the Western Front dug deep trenches to protect their armies from enemy fire, creating a stalemate
What is Trench Warfare?
Treaty that ended WWI, made Germany accept blame for war, imposed reparations, limited the size of Germany's military, returned Alsace and Lorraine to France, took away German territory and overseas colonies
What is Treat of Versailles?
Areas that needed progressive reform
What are politics, government (because corrupt and ineffective), Big Business, gap between wealthy and poor?
Photographer for the New York Evening Sun, showed the crowded, unsafe, rat-infested tenement buildings where the urban poor lived
Who is Jacob Riis?
Proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico, stating that if the US declared war on Germany, then Mexico should declare war on the US, and in return would get Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back (intercepted and given to American authorities)
What is the Zimmerman Note?
Powerful form of Russian nationalism, all Slavic people shared a common nationality
What is Pan-Slavism?
Ended Russian participation in WWI, signed by Lenin in 1918
What is Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens' signatures on a petition
What is an Initiative?
Managing editor at McClure's magazine, published The Shame of the Cities exposing how Philadelphia government let utility companies charge their customers high fees, how corrupt politicians won with bribes, and how political corruption affected life
Who is Lincoln Steffens?
A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other, it occurred on the Western Front between Germany and France in WWI
What is a Stalemate?
During WWI, British and French troops pushed back the German drive along this river, ending Germany's hope of a quick victory on the Western Front
What is Battle of the Marne?
Time period from 1890 to 1920 where Americans believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice and reform
What is the Progressive Era?
Allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature
What is Referendum?
Educator who criticized schools for teaching kids to memorize facts instead of thinking creatively, wanted schools to teach history, geography, cooking, carpentry
Who is John Dewey?
Surrendered at the end of WWI in 1918 because they were exhausted from fighting the Allies, American troops were arriving by the thousands, and the Allies drove their forces back across France and Belgium
What is Germany?
This WWI Allied offensive on the Western Front lasted 5 months, resulted in more than one million soldiers being killed, and neither side won any advantage
What is Battle of Somme?
Reformer who thought that Christianity should be the basis for social reform, created the Social Gospel (follow the Bible's teachings and people could create the kingdom of God)
Who is Walter Rauschenbusch?
Gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended
What is recall?
Wrote The Jungle, exposing unsanitary conditions in Chicago's stockyards