Ecosystems
What is the difference between producers and consumers within an ecosystem? Provide an example of each.
Producers are always at the beginning of a food chain/food web and produce their own food. Example: oak tree (any plants)
Consumers eat other living things for energy. Example: rabbit, fox, bear, etc.
What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy in an object. The object is not experiencing motion.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Weathering is the natural process that creates crack and/or breaks rocks into smaller pieces.
Erosion moves weathered materials to a new place.
Complete the sentence.
A wave transfers ____________ from one place to another.
energy
What are the three types of consumers that often appear in a food chain and/or food web?
What is the difference between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores? Give an example of each.
Herbivores are consumers that only eat plants (Example: Rabbit)
Carnivores are consumers that only eat other animals (Example: wolf)
Omnivores are consumers that eat both plants and other animals (Example: bear)
Potential energy stored in wood is changed to ________ energy and _________ energy when it is burned.
heat energy and light energy
Nonrenewable resources cannot be easily replace and can run out. Examples: Fossil fuels (coal, oil. natural gas).
Renewable resources do not run out easily and are better for the environment (Examples: water, wind, sun)
Complete the sentence.
Things that look _________ ___________ all of the visible light shining on them.
Things that look white reflect all of the visible light shining on them.
A student wants to build a pinhole camera using cardboard. Four pieces of cardboard are cut from a cardboard box. The pieces need to be 10 centimeters long and 7 centimeters wide. Which tool should the student use to measure the size of the cardboard pieces?
A. thermometer
B. ruler
C. measuring cup
D. balance scale
B. ruler
A lake ecosystem has fish, plants, crabs, clams, and algae along with fungi and bacteria. The fungi and bacteria act as decomposers in the lake ecosystem.
Which is one role of fungi and bacteria in the ecosystem?
A. They provide food for the different species of fish in the ecosystem.
B. They cycle matter through the ecosystem by breaking down dead plants.
C. They move matter through the ecosystem by carrying algae to different locations.
D. They strengthen the shells on crabs and clams in the ecosystem.
B. They cycle matter through the ecosystem by breaking down dead plants.
True or False: When a roller coaster moves down an include due to the force of gravity, this is an example of potential energy.
False: When the roller coaster is moving down a hill, it has kinetic energy.
Farmers often use fertilizer on their farms. Fertilizer is also used in gardens. Some people argue that fertilizer is bad for the environment.
Which effect of using fertilizer best supports the argument that fertilizer is bad for the environment?
A. Fertilizer stops soil erosion in fields.
B. Fertilizer puts nutrients back into the soil.
C. Fertilizer makes plants grow bigger and faster.
D. Fertilizer disrupts the healthy balance of the soil.
D. Fertilizer disrupts the healthy balance of the soil.
The top of a wave is called the __________. The bottom of the wave is called the __________.
crest, trough
A seat belt is a type of belt that fastens around a person traveling in a vehicle. Seat belts have been improved since their invention. One improvement is the addition of a release button on top of the buckle.
What is a benefit of this improved design of the seat belt?
A. It provides extra support to the person wearing the seat belt.
B. It prevents the person from falling out of the vehicle.
C. It allows easy unlocking when a person is stuck in the seat belt.
D. It reduces the sudden jerk that a person feels when the vehicle stops.
C. It allows easy unlocking when a person is stuck in the seat belt.
The African honeybee is an invasive species. The bees have been found in the southwestern United States. They form large swarms that contain thousands of bees. They also take over the nests of the native bees in the ecosystem and kill the native queen bees.
What will most likely be the effect of African honeybees on the native bee populations in the southwestern United States?
A. The native bee population will increase because they can use available resources better than the African honeybees.
B. The native bee population will decrease because the African honeybees will fight for similar resources.
C. The native bee population will increase because they can move to other parts of the United States.
B. The native bee populations will decrease because the African honeybees will fight for similar resources.
Which is not an example of a collision causing energy transfer and change in motion?
A. a bat strikes a baseball
B. a catcher catches a baseball
C. a baseball hits the ground
D. a baseball flies through the air.
D. a baseball flies through the air.
Flowing water containing sand and other materials continuously grinds rocks. This results in the formation of cracks in rocks that widen to form caves.
Which natural process does this describe?
A. deposition
B. floods
C. landslides
D. weathering
D. weathering
A student looks at a spoon in a glass of water. The student observes that the spoon appears to be broken.
Why does the spoon look like its broken?
A. light waves are bent by the water.
B. light waves are enlarged by the water.
C. light waves are absorbed by the water.
D. light waves are reflected by the water.
A. light waves are bent by the water.
Describe the difference between Earth's Rotation and Earth's Revolution?
Earth's rotation takes 24 hours in which the Earth spins on its axis. This pattern causes day and night.
Earth's revolution takes 365 days as the Earth makes one complete circle around the sun.
Wild hogs are a non-native species to the United States. These hogs were first brought to the United States over 400 years ago. The hogs prey on reptile eggs. Hogs also destroy the habitats of many animals.
Which claim is best supported by the information about wild hogs?
A. Replacing an animal in an environment can be helpful to other animals already living in the environment.
B. Adding a new animal to an environment can be harmful to other animals already living in the environment.
C. Increasing an animal population can be helpful by repairing damage to the environment.
B. Adding a new animal to an environment can be harmful to other animals already living in the environment.
All of the following convert electrical energy into thermal (heat) energy except:
A. a toaster
B. a lamp
C. a microwave
D. a radio
D. a radio
On a forest field trip, a student is assigned a list of observations to make. One observation the student looks for is evidence of mechanical weathering.
Which activity would allow the student to check mechanical weathering off the list?
A. an acorn falling out of a tree
B. an ant placing a soil particle on an anthill
C. a puddle getting smaller as the sun shines on it.
D. a stone becoming smooth in a flowing riverbed.
D. a stone becoming smooth in a flowing riverbed.
What are the two types of waves?
Mechanical waves and Electromagnetic waves
sunlight --> small water plants --> small water animals --> fish --> seals
Which three statements best describe how energy moves through this food chain?
A. Seals get energy from fish
B. Fish get energy from seals.
C. Fish get energy from small water plants
D. Small water plants get energy from sunlight.
E. Small water animals get energy from small water plants.
A. seals get energy from fish
D. Small water plants get energy from sunlight
E. Small water animals get energy from small water plants.