Article pancreases an glucose control
This pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.
What is insulin?
This part of the eye acts as the first refractive surface focusing light.
What is the cornea?
These three small bones amplify sound in the middle ear.
What are the malleus, incus, and stapes?
This neurodegenerative disease is the main indication for DBS.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
These nerves carry signals toward the spinal cord.
What are afferent nerves?
EEG measures voltage differences on this part of the body.
What is the scalp?
This brain region acts as the body’s thermostat.
What is the hypothalamus?
This type of diabetes features insulin resistance despite insulin secretion
What is Type II diabetes?
Age-related clumping of lens fibers results in this condition.
What is a cataract? types
This structure inside the cochlea performs frequency analysis of sound waves.
What is the basilar membrane?
Parkinson’s motor symptoms arise when these dopamine-producing neurons die.
What is the substantia nigra?
At the neuromuscular junction, this neurotransmitter is released to trigger muscle contraction.
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
EEG is widely used for diagnosing this neurological disorder involving abnormal brain activity.
What is epilepsy?
During cold exposure, this response reduces heat loss by narrowing blood vessels.
What is vasoconstriction?
Artificial pancreas systems aim to keep glucose within this mg/dL range.
What is 80–180 mg/dL?
This ultrasound technique measures eye structure distances before IOL implantation.
What is A-mode ultrasound?
Cochlear implants directly stimulate these neural cells.
What are spiral ganglion cells?
DBS electrodes are commonly implanted in this subcortical structure to reduce tremor.
What is the subthalamic nucleus (STN)?
This spinal structure contains motor neuron cell bodies sending signals to muscles.
What is the anterior (ventral) horn?
This part of the brain controls thought, sensation, and conscious activity.
What is the cerebrum?
Central thermoreceptors are primarily sensitive to this temperature change.
What is warmth?
Sensor signal drift often occurs due to this physiological “healing response” around the device.
What is protein adsorption and inflammatory encapsulation?
The fluid filling the anterior chamber that nourishes the cornea and lens.
What is aqueous humor?
The human ear detects frequencies approximately in this range.
What is 20 Hz to 20 kHz?
This term describes altering neural activity using electrical stimulation or pharmacology.
What is neuromodulation?
Electrical stimulation can restore motion in individuals with this type of injury.
What is a spinal cord injury?
These cortical ridges increase surface area for higher neuron density.
What are gyri?
This life-threatening condition results when body temperature exceeds 40.5°C.
What is heat stroke?
This component of an artificial pancreas predicts insulin delivery using mathematical rules.
What is the control algorithm?
These three types of cataracts include nuclear sclerotic, cortical. The last type ?
What is posterior subcapsular cataract?
This membrane converts acoustic energy into mechanical vibrations before the ossicles act
What is the tympanic membrane?
The exact mechanism of DBS is unclear, but one hypothesis suggests stimulation inhibits this motor-control pathway.
What is the indirect pathway?
These skin-based maps represent sensory distribution of spinal nerves.
What are dermatomes?
The dominant neuronal cell type within the cerebral cortex.
What are pyramidal neurons?
These sensors located in the esophagus and abdominal veins monitor core temperature.
What are deep-body thermosensors?