DEFINE
What is a gene?
Unit of genetic information.
Number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell.
46
Number of chromosomes in a human gamete.
23
Mention the purpose of meiosis.
Production of gametes.
Term for cells that divide to form gametes.
germ cells
Define genetics.
Name one scientist credited with deducting the structure of the DNA molecule.
-James F. Watson
-Francis H.C. Crick
What is heredity?
Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes.
List the four types of RNA.
MESSENGER, TRANSFER, SMALL RNA, RIBOSOMAL
What is dihybrid?
Organism heterozygous for two traits.
Loosely coiled DNA in a cell nucleus.
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Base found in RNA but not in DNA.
Uracil
What is transcription?
Process where a cell makes an mRNA copy of a particular gene.
Define replication.
Process in which a cell makes a copy of its DNA.
What is mutation?
Error in an organism´s genetic material caused by a small change in DNA.
Type of molecule that stores a cell´s genetic information.
DNA
Mention one circumstance that can cause mutations in a cell´s DNA.
-Accidental additions or deletions of nucleotides.
-Improper base pairing.
-Physical damage to the DNA molecule.
Mention one circumstance that can cause mutations in a cell´s DNA.
-Accidental additions or deletions of nucleotides.
-Improper base pairing.
-Physical damage to the DNA molecule.
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What is a zygote?
Father of genetics.
Gregor Mendel
List the four types of bases found in DNA molecule.
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Why does a cell bundle its chromosomes into compact structures during mitosis?
Allows the cell to easily distribute DNA copies to its daughter cells. Leaving the DNA unbundle could create a hopeless tangle of DNA during the cell division.
Define Eugenics.
Science that attempts to improve human species controlling heredity.