Cancer
This is the most common type of malignant tumor in men, often linked to elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
What is prostate cancer?
This vein supplies approximately 75% of the liver's blood flow, rich in nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract.
What is the portal vein?
This hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation.
What is preeclampsia
In a newborn, the normal respiratory rate typically ranges between this number of breaths per minute
What is 30-60 breaths per minute?
A common cause of SIRS, this condition involves infection and inflammation spreading throughout the body
What is sepsis?
This syndrome is defined by two or more criteria, including fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and abnormal white blood cell count
What is SIRS?
Often associated with smoking, this aggressive form of lung cancer arises in the peripheral lung tissue and has a high likelihood of metastasis.
What is small-cell lung carcinoma?
This term describes the replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic tissue
What is cirrhosis?
This severe complication of preeclampsia can cause seizures in a pregnant woman
What is eclampsia?
This vaccine, first given at birth, protects against a viral infection that affects the liver.
What is the hepatitis B vaccine?
This term describes a severe progression of sepsis where organ dysfunction occurs due to dysregulated host response to infection
What is septic shock?
In septic shock, persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation is often treated with this class of drugs
What are vasopressors (norepinephrine)?
This type of skin cancer is the most common form and often appears as a pearly, flesh-colored, or pink bump on sun-exposed areas of the skin.
What is basal cell carcinoma?
These abnormally dilated blood vessels in the esophagus or stomach can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding in patients with portal hypertension.
What are esophageal or gastric varices?
This term describes a reassuring fetal heart rate pattern with accelerations and no decelerations
What is a reactive nonstress test?
According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial challenge for toddlers (ages 1–3) is this.
What is automony vs. shame and doubt?
In this type of shock, widespread vasodilation and decreased systemic vascular resistance occur, commonly due to severe infections, trauma, or burns.
In patients with ARDS, these medications reduce pulmonary inflammation and improve oxygenation by decreasing lung permeability
What are corticosteroids?
This type of radiation therapy uses precisely targeted high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.
What is external beam radiation therapy?
This condition, marked by confusion, altered mental status, and asterixis, is caused by the buildup of ammonia in the blood due to liver dysfunction.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
This type of fetal heart deceleration mirrors the timing of uterine contractions and is typically benign
What are early decelerations?
Piaget’s cognitive stage for school-age children (7–11 years) involves this type of thinking, which focuses on logic and concrete reasoning
What is concrete operational thinking?
In managing sepsis, this is the initial intervention to correct the severe hypotension
What is a fluid bolus with crystalloids? (normal saline or Lactated Ringers)
In multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), failure of the kidneys can be identified by an increase in this lab value
What is elevated creatinine?
This term describes a common side effect of chemotherapy where bone marrow activity decreases, leading to reduced red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What is myelosuppression?
A classic physical exam finding in patients with cirrhosis, this sign is characterized by distended veins radiating from the umbilicus.
What is caput medusae?
This vital sign is closely monitored in a patient receiving magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia to prevent respiratory depression
What is respiratory rate?
The first dose of this vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is administered at this age.
What is 12-15 months?
In treating cardiogenic shock, this class of medications is often administered to improve myocardial contractility and cardiac output.
What are inotropes (doputamine)?
A hallmark treatment for ARDS is the use of this ventilation strategy to improve oxygenation while minimizing lung injury
What is low tidal volume ventilation?
Patients experiencing this myelosuppression complication are at a higher risk of infection due to a decrease in neutrophils.
What is neutropenia?
This medication, often used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, works by reducing the production of ammonia in the gastrointestinal tract
What is lactulose?
A pregnant patient with HELLP syndrome may present with this symptom in the upper right quadrant due to liver involvement
What is epigastric or right upper quadrant pain?
This vaccine, given around age 4–6, protects against four diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio.
What is the DTap/IPV vaccine?
This is integumentary symptom is an early sign of the progressive stage of shock
What is cold and clammy skin?
In MODS, dysfunction of the brain may result in changes in mental status, ranging from confusion to coma. This is known as:
What is encephalopathy?