Applying Heat & Cold Therapies
Vasodilation, increases blood flow, increase inflammatory response, increases capillary permeability, increases cellular metabolism, decrease STABILIZED edema, relaxes muscles, decreases pain
What are the effects of heat therapy?
Full-thickness skin and tissue loss, only it involves deep tissue necrosis of muscle, fascia, tendon, joint capsule, and sometimes bone
What is a stage 4 pressure ulcer?
The position your patient should be in when auscultating lungs
What is high fowlers?
Loss of both fluid and the electrolytes, usually caused by hemorrhage
What is hypovolemia?
pins, screws, or tongs are surgically inserted into the bone
What is skeletal traction?
Length of time to use heat therapy
Nonblanchable, erythema, intact skin, usually over a bony prominence
What is a stage 1 pressure ulcer?
An in-depth assessment of the whole person, including the physical, mental, emotional, cultural, and spiritual aspects of the patient’s health
What is a comprehensive health assessment?
Symptoms such as skin(Rash, hives) and gastrointestinal (GI) reactions that get increasingly worse with repeated exposures to the offending agent, can progress to a severe reaction called anaphylaxis. Most commonly caused by peanuts, wheat, dairy, & eggs
What are food allergies?
Type of wound that has a high number of microorganisms present but is without signs of infection
What is colonized?
Safety concern related to sitz baths
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Brown, black, or tan area of hard, dry, dead tissue that has a leathery appearance located on unstageable ulcers
What is eschar?
performed at the beginning of the shift when you first see the patient
What is an initial head-to-toe assessment?
insufficient fluid intake, bleeding, prolonged tachypnea, excessive sweating, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, excessive urination caused by diuresis, excessive exercise
What are causes of fluid volume deficit?
Heat, cold, massage, acupuncture, distraction, & guided imagery
What are nonpharmalogical methods to relieve pain?
The four steps included in RICE
What is rest, ice, compression, elevation?
Partial-thickness loss and exposed dermis. This includes intact serum-filled blisters and broken blisters that reveal a shallow, pink or red ulceration that is moist
What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer?
Adventitious lung sound usually heard during inspiration. They may be fine or coarse and cannot be cleared by coughing
What are crackles?
the body’s lack of digestive enzymes or an inability to use these enzymes, usually leads to GI symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, or nausea
What are food intolerances?
If the individual is sleep deprived, more time will be spent here. The body rests and is restored during this deep sleep
What is NREM Stage IV?
Vasoconstriction, decreases blood flow, decreases inflammatory response, decreases capillary permeability, prevents edema, relaxes muscles, decreases pain & numbing sensation
What are the effects of cold therapy?
full-thickness loss involving damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue but not involving muscle or bone.
Often, rolled wound edges are present at this stage
What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer?
An examination and an interview regarding a specific body system such as only a cardiac assessment or only a respiratory assessment.
What is a focused assessment?
Increased intake of dietary sodium, administration of IV fluids containing sodium, or retention of sodium or fluid as a result of a medication or kidney, heart, or liver disease
What are causes of fluid volume excess?
Type of wound that has a high number of microorganisms and either purulent (containing pus) drainage or necrotic (dead) tissue. The classic signs could include erythema (redness), increased warmth, edema (swelling), pain, odor, and drainage.
What is an infected wound?