What is the primary effect of cardiomyopathies on the heart?
Affecting the shape and function of the ventricular walls
What heart rate characterizes sinus bradycardia?
What mitral valve mean valve gradient, what would be considered moderate stenosis
What grade of diastolic dysfunction is also referred to as pseudo normal?
Grade II
What peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity would be considered an indication for pulmonary hypertension.
>2.8
Severe Aortic Insufficiency jet in the LVOT is characterized by:
Occupying more than half the LVOT area
What is the name of the wall segment labeled “U”?
What would be considered a normal diastolic wall thickness for a female patient?
0.6 - 0.9 cm
During Isovolumic Relaxation Time what is happening to the ventricular pressures?
Decrease
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “E”?
Apical septum
Dilated Cardiomyopathy is characterized by:
Dilated chambers and decreased function
What heart rate characterizes sinus tachycardia?
What procedure can be performed in the CATH lab for severe mitral regurgitation?
What grade of diastolic dysfunction is also referred to as restrictive?
What TAPSE (mm) measurement would be considered abnormal, indicated reduced RV systolic function?
< 17
Classify the aortic valve pathology with a AV Vmax of 4.58 m/s, and AV meanPG of 52.84 mmHg:
What is the name of the wall segment labeled “R”?
What would be considered a normal diastolic wall thickness for a male patient?
0.6 - 1.0 cm
Which of the following accurately describes the progression of cardiac phases?
IVCT, Systole, IVRT, Diastole
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “C”?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is mainly characterized by:
Increased muscle mass in one or more wall segments
Which cells have the lowest automaticity threshold in the heart?
What would the most likely diagnosis be on the above image
Mitral valve prolapse
What grade of diastolic dysfunction would be expected with the above mitral inflow pattern, with normal LV systolic function?
What RV S’ (cm/s) would consider abnormal indicated reduced RV systolic function?
< 10
Your patient with Aortic Stenosis has an Aortic Valve Maximum Velocity (V-max) of 2.7 m/s. How would you classify this, based on velocity alone?
Mild
What is the name of the wall segment labeled “S”?
Apical septal
What would be considered a normal LVIDd for a female patient?
3.8 - 5.2 cm
What would be considered a normal EF for a female patient?
54 - 74%
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “4’?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is characterized by:
Decreased compliance
What on the EKG represents ventricular depolarization phase?
Patient Jone Johnson has an LA volume of 40 ml/m2 what would the most likely classification of these chamber be.
Mildly increased
Grade II
What TR velocity and RVSP is an indication for possible pulmonary hypertension in a younger adult?
>2.8, >35
Aortic Valve Stenosis with an Aortic Valve Maximum Velocity (AoV Vmax) of 3.2 m/s is classified as:
Moderate
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “I”?
What would be considered a normal LVIDd for a male patient?
4.2 - 5.8 cm
What would be considered a normal EF for a male patient?
52 - 72%
what is the name of the wall segment labeled ‘5”?
What type of cardiomyopathy is SAM "systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve" associated with:
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
What is the purpose of the AV Node delaying conduction?
To provide adequate time for blood to move from the atrium into the ventricle
Mitral valve mean gradient would be considered severe MV stenosis?
> 10 mmHg
What grade of diastolic dysfunction would be expected with the above mitral inflow pattern, with normal LV systolic function, and the bottom flow pattern obtained from tissue Doppler?
Normal diastolic function
What number would be used to calculate the RVSP from the TR velocity, with a IVC diameter of greater than 2.1 and less than 50% collapse with inspiration.
What aortic valve area is considered severe aortic stenosis?
< 1.0 cm2
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “L”?
What would be considered a normal LAVI (LA volume index)?
16 - 34 ml/m2
What is considered a normal diameter for mid chamber of the right ventricle form the apical 4-ch view?
1.9 - 3.5 cm
what is the name of the wall segment labeled “1”?
Anterior