Definitions
Climate change
What is...
The long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns caused by human modifications to our environment
OR
The long term shift in temperature and weather patterns
3 W's of Epidemiology
What is...
Who, When, Where
What makes water potable?
Filtered water is disinfected and becomes 'potable'
Per the FD&C act, what is a drug?
What is...
Articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
What are the objectives of epidemiology?
What is...
Describe, Explain, Control, Prevent
What is air pollution?
What is...
Airborne substances arising from natural or anthropogenic sources that are known to cause health effects
Explain how the bathtub model works?
What is...
Incidence is the RATE of NEW cases in a population within a specific amount of time (how much snow fell in Chicago in a 2 hour span)
Prevalence is the TOTAL cases in a population during a specific time (how much snow fell in Chicago in the whole winter)
Smog
What is...
Smoke mixed with fog
Clean Air Act
What is...
Established national standards for air quality and a national uniform permit system for air pollutant release
Categories of indoor pollution
Radioactive, Chemical, Allergenic, Infectious agents
Endemic v. Epidemic
What is...
Endemic: Usual presence of a disease within a given geographic area
Epidemic: An increase in the frequency of a disease above the usual expected rate
Safe Drinking Water Act
What is....
Established health-based Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) guidelines for over 90 contaminants
Established 15 secondary standards for preventing odor, color, taste, and teeth discoloration
How often do they inspect?
What is...
85% AND once every 10 yrs.
What is the leading cause of foodborne illness?
What is...
Norovirus
Clean Water Act
What is...
Law that set 3 national standards that lakes and rivers should be fishable and swimmable and that nobody would be allowed to drop waste into a navigable river or lake without permission from the federal government
Incidence v. Prevalence
What is...
Incidence; rate of new cases in a population within a specific amount of time
Prevalence: total cases in a population during a specific time
What is a cohort study?
What is...
A study of a group of people who are all healthy at the beginning of the study period to look at disease outcomes after being exposed to a factor of interest
What is....
The the study of how the physical,chemical, and biological factors in the environment affect human health
What is a case-control study?
What is...
A study of people who are already diseased and looks back in time to determine the differences between their exposures
What % of the earth's water is freshwater?
What is...
3%; the other 97% is salt water
Epidemiology
What is...
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations
Where do most American's get their drinking water?
What is...
Lakes and rivers
Point v. Nonpoint pollution
What is...
Point: some industrial and agricultural sources discharge pollution directly into a body of water
Nonpoint: A variety of sources contribute pollution that can run off the surface of the land during rainfall and enter the water; air pollutants can fall directly with the rain
What % of food is inspected by the USDA? AND How often do they inspect?
What is...
20% AND once a year
What is the definition of public health?
What is...
Prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health