Meiosis
Product of meiosis
What are 4 genetically unique daughter cells? (gametes)
The expression of a genotype
What is a phenotype?
The protein coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome in every virus
What is a capsid?
Change in frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time
What is evolution?
Complete descroption of a species' environment (habitat requirments, nutritional and water needs, etc.)
What is a niche?
This process contributes to genetic variation by creating new combinations of alleles
What is crossing over?
note: independent assortment also contributes to genetic diversity
Blue (B) is dominant white (b). If a flower's genotype is Bb, it would be considered ______ and would express the ___ color.
heterozygous; blue
This viral pathway kills the host cell by popping its cell membrane and releasing more viruses
What is the lytic cycle?
One mechanism of evolution
Genetic drift, migration, mutation, or nonrandom mating
Type of reproduction isolation that happens after fertilization
What is post-zygotic reproductive isolation?
Failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate during anaphase of cell division
- results in gametes having an extra or missing chromosome
What is nondisjunction?
The process of producing offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
What is true breeding?
The predominant protein in the lysogenic pathway
What is cl?
*cro is for lytic cycle
All the alleles prsent in all individuals in a species
What is a gene pool?
Populations that are geographically separated from each other
What are allopatric populations?
Process where gametes fuse to form a single zygote cell (diploid)
What is fertilization?
A flower's genotype is Bb, and it appears to have both blue and white spots. This is an example of...
Codominance
note: incomplete dominance would be if the flower turned out light blue
One reason why viruses are not considered living organisms
No selectively permeable membrane, do not have capacity to store and transmit information, do not have ability to harness energy from the environment
An example of this type of selection would be if giraffes with longer necks live longer because they are the only ones able to reach the leaves to eat.
What is directional selection?
An example of this type of reproductive barrier would be if a bird's song is specific to its own species and other birds will not respond to it
What is behavioral isolation?
What is a bivalent?
Blue (B) is dominant to white (b). Two heterozygous flowers are crossed. What is the genotypic ratio, and what is the probability of getting a blue flower?
1:2:1
75% chance of getting a blue flower
Bacterial virus that has become integrated into a bacterial genome during lysogeny
What is a prophage?
One condition of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
No differences in survival and reproductive success, no migration, no mutations in studied gene, large population, or random mating
Type of post zygotic isolation where offspring are produced but are sterile
What is hybrid sterility?
EX: horse and donkey make mule which is infertile