Knowledge
Allows us to recognize objects & events to make inferences about their properties
Conceptual knowledge
visual imagery
The meanings of words and sentences
Semantics
A sudden realization of the solution
Insight
Purposeful mind wandering
Volitional daydreaming
a category member closely resembles the prototype vs. a category member does not closely resemble the prototype
high prototypicality vs. low prototypicality
Unilateral neglect
accessing all meanings of a word before relying on context to determine accurate meaning
lexical priming
Representing a problem in the mind, and problem can be restructured for a different solution
Gestalt Approach
Mentally grouping words into phrases and adding comma
Parsing
Approach to categorization that does not work well, because not all members of a category have the same features
Definitional approach
___ takes effort and is fragile
___ is automatic and stable
Imagery
Perception
Sentences that begin by appearing to mean one thing, but end up having a different meaning
Garden path sentences
Problems have an initial state, intermediate state, and goal state and this approach uses a means-end analysis
Information-processing approach
____ approach is best for large categories
____ approach is best for small categories
Prototype
Exemplar
_____ is the average representation of the typical member of a category
_____ is having multiple examples represent the category
Prototype approach
Exemplar approach
Large objects fill more of your visual field, so you might think it would take longer to reach the small objects
Mental walk task
being able to understand what others feel, think, or believe
Theory of mind
Being able to use a solution to a similar problem to solve a new problem
Using analogies/analogical transfer
Rules say which moves are allowed and which aren't (tower problem)
Operators
Going below the basic level results in ____
Going above the basic level results in ____
Small gain of information
Large loss of information
Why could brain-damaged patients draw pictures of objects in front of them but not from memory?
Imagery and perception are separate mechanisms
Language is learned through reinforcement vs. Language is innate and coded in our genes
Skinner vs. Chomsky
Restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions
Functional fixedness (candle/box problem)
How long it takes a person to finish a cognitive task (mental rotation task)
Mental chronometry