Medical Principals 1
Summarize the Principle of Beneficence
HCP's must always do good.
(Do that which is in the patient's best interests and maintain and enhance their dignity)
Summarize the Principal of Nonmalfeasance
HPC's must do no harm.
(Or do as little harm as possible to achieve a patient's health and wellbeing.)
True or False:
We are morally obliged to use ordinary means of care to save our lives.
True.
What does PAS stand for and what is it?
Physician Assisted Suicide:
A doctor provides a patient with a means to kill themselves
What does IVF stand for?
In-Vitro fertilization.
Summarize the principle of Self-Determination
People posses the ability and right to make decisions for themselves.
(Doctors cannot force patients into a treatment or into taking any medications they don't want to.)
Provide an example where a HPC can harm a patient while still following the principle of nonmalfeasence.
Answers will vary.
True or False:
We are morally obliged to use extra-ordinary means of care to save our lives.
False
What does Euthanasia mean, what is it, what are the two general ways it is done?
Euthanasia means "Good death."
It is the deliberate ending of the life of a patient by a physician.
Can be done by omission or commission.
True or False:
An embryonic stem cell, also called a pluripotent stem cell has the potential to become any type of cell.
True
A mastectomy for reason of breast cancer is morally permissible. It would also be following this medical principal.
Principal of Integrity and Totality
True or False:
The principle of Truth Telling states that only the HCP is required to tell the truth in a Patient/HCP relationship.
False
What three things would make a medicine, treatment or operation an ordinary means of care?
1. Reasonable hope of benefit
2. Not excessive in terms of expensive
3. Not excessive in terms of pain
Name 3 reasons people give for seeking PAS/Euthanasia.
1. Pain
2. Wanting to die with dignity
3. Fear of being a burden
4. Depression
5. Loss of Control (last thing they can control is their own death)
etc...
Why is the church against embryonic stem cell extraction?
Extracting embryonic stem cells would result in the destruction of the embryo which would be the moral equivalent of abortion.
Explain why the principal of confidentiality is not absolute.
Answers will vary.
Substitution Judgement
Best Interest Standard
What type of consent are these AND what is the difference?
Proxy Consent
SJ- A patient was at one time competent but is no longer. i.e Alzhiemer's patient
BIS- A patient has never been nor can ever be competent. i.e Severe cognitive impairment.
Who has the final say in regard to when care becomes extra-ordinary?
Why does the church teach that PAS/Euthenasia is morally unacceptable?
It break the 5th commandment; you shall not kill.
What are the two Catholic dimensions of sexual intercourse, and how does IVF separate the two?
Procreative dimension
Unitive dimension.
Sexual intercourse is no longer required for the creation of human beings.
What premise is each medical principal based off of?
That both the HPC and the patient are created in the image and likeness of God, and are equal in dignity.
The principle of Informed Consent has 3 ethical and legal requirements. Name them.
Information
Comprehension
Voluntariness
What are the two criteria that denote artificial means of care as being ordinary?
1. They are a normally prescribed means of bringing our bodies back to good health.
2. they assume a primary function (breathing, circulation) until such a time that the body can resume normal functionality.
True or False:
A patient asking for their life support machine to be turned off would be a form of PAS or Euthenasia.
False.
It is simply the removal of extraordinary means of care.
What are the 3 philosophical positions in regard to the personhood of an embryo?
1. An embryo is not a person, but rather a clump of cells that is a part of its mother. It becomes a person whenever the mother recognizes it as a person.
2. An embryo is a person at the moment of conception.
3. An embryo is a person when it receives a soul (ensoulment)