Dogs & Cats
What body systems are most commonly affected by leptospirosis?
Liver, kidneys
Where do the lesions of FMD usually appear? Are they pathognomonic?
Hooves/coronary band, snout, mouth, teats
Not pathognomonic - any vesicular disease is treated as though it might be FMD
Chytrid in frogs is caused by what type of pathogen and colonizes which body part?
Contagious fungus, only infects the skin
How does cholera cause death?
Severe dehydration/hypovolemic shock.
FeLV/FIV: Which is the "nice cat" disease and which is the "mean cat" disease? Which one affects adults and which affects kittens?
FeLV: Licking/grooming (nice cats)
FIV: Fighting/biting (mean cats)
FeLV more in kittens; FIV more in adults
Which animal disease is slated for eradication and closely related to Rinderpest?
Pestis de petit ruminants - PPR
Name at least 3 species we've discussed that can become infected with (and symptomatic for) canine distemper. What viral family is this?
Big cats, giant pandas, raccoons, Island foxes
Paramyxoviruses!
Are all NTDs slated for eradication campaigns?
What is the next disease on the docket?
No; each disease has its own target.
Guinea worm is nearly eradicated.
Is FIP considered a contagious disease, and why/why not?
What has changed recently about treatment of FIP?
FIP is not generally considered contagious - it is a mutated version of a benign Coronavirus.
There are now legal, effective antiviral treatments.
Which form of BSE is transmissible: classical or atypical?
Classical; atypical occurs spontaneously
What type of pathogen causes avian malaria?
What is the vector?
What species are highly susceptible?
Caused by a protozoan.
Vector is the mosquito.
Hawaiian forest birds and penguins are highly susceptible.
How is Ebola transmitted?
What is the general life cycle of toxoplasmosis? What species is the reservoir host and who else can be infected?
Life cycle: Cats are the reservoir/definitive host. They shed oocysts in feces and can either reinfect another cat or infect intermediate hosts i.e. rodents. Accidental hosts include humans, sea otters, and others.
What is the mainstay of treatment for horses with equine influenza?
Strict rest.
What body systems are impacted by Chlamydia in koalas?
Eyes, urinary, repro
Why should you not perform a necropsy in suspected anthrax cases?
Bacilli will sporulate if exposed to the air; they will all be dead after 72 hours.
What are the two forms of leishmaniasis, and how is it transmitted?
Visceral and cutaneous; it has a sandly vector and dogs are the reservoir host.
What are the two different transmission cycles of African Swine Fever?
Domestic cycle: Direct pig to pig transmission
How do Tasmanian devils transmit DFTD to one another?
Biting and fighting inoculates the next animal with tumor cells
How is Hantavirus transmitted and what body system does it impact?
Transmitted by mouse reservoir - usually exposure to aerosolized dried droppings. Severe respiratory pathogen.
Why do we not test young puppies under 6 months of age for heartworm?
The worms have not yet matured and the test will be a false negative.
Why is the foot & mouth disease vaccine not used during outbreaks in non-endemic countries?
It can result in a chronic carrier state.
What is similar and what is different between BSE and CWD?
Similar: prion-borne, extremely prolonged incubation period, neurological signs, 100% fatal
Different: CWD not known to be zoonotic, CWD has some specific hallmark clinical signs
How has primary screwworm been controlled in the US?
If we have controlled primary screwworm in the US to the point that we do not have the pathogen here at all, what disease control strategy called?
Sterilization of male flies.
This is called elimination of the pathogen.