Evolution, Genetics & Experience
What are genes?
Units of heredity passed from parents to offspring
The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response
What is a stroke?
Type of brain damage occurs when blood flow to a region of the brain is blocked or reduced, often due to a clot or hemorrhage
Type of memory that involves facts, names, dates, and other information that can be consciously recalled, and it is divided into semantic and episodic forms.
What is declarative (Explicit) memory?
What is cross-tolerance?
What is phenotype?
The physical traits of an organism
This structure of the ear is also known as the ear drum.
Tympanic membrane
Closed-head TBI that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system when the brain slams against the inside of the skull and accumulates blood in the subdural space.
What is a contusion?
Stage of memory that holds sensory information for a brief period, such as visual (iconic) and auditory (echoic) information
What is sensory memory?
What is a common withdrawal symptom alcohol use that involves shaking and anxiety?
What are tremors?
What is a dominant allele?
Type of allele that masks the effects of another, only requires one to express
The primary limbic system function is:
To process and regulate emotion and learning, while also dealing with sexual stimulation, learning, and memory.
Brain tumor that does not invade neighboring tissues, surgically removable with little risk of further growth.
What is a benign brain tumor?
Amnesia involves difficulty forming new memories while retaining the ability to recall past memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by manic episodes that can disrupt daily life, often requiring hospitalization, while depressive episodes may or may not occur
What is Bipolar 1 disorder?
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
A genetic condition resulting from a build up of phenylalanine leading to intellectual disabilities and is a recessive disorder so would require one from each parent to have the disorder.
The ____________ is the largest part of the brain responsible for complex thought, higher order functioning, as well as coordinating and initiating movement.
Cerebral cortex (saying frontal lobe is acceptable for points, it is within the cerebral cortex but it says the largest part so in a general sense it is the cerebral cortex)
Progressive neurological disease, caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantial nigra, leads to symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is Parkinson's disease?
This effect explains why people tend to recall incomplete tasks or goals more readily than those they have completed
What is the Zeigarnik effect?
This brain region, part of the reward system is heavily involved in addiction by reinforcing pleasurable behaviors through dopamine release
What is the nucleus accumbens? (events from it to the ventral segmental area is related to the experience of reward and pleasure)
What is Huntington's Disease?
Progressive motor disorder and is always associated with severe dementia. It is due to a dominant gene. Symptoms do not tend to appear until after peak reproductive years.
This part of the brainstem is not only involved in motor control and sensory relay but also plays a key role in regulating REM sleep by sending signals that suppress voluntary muscle activity.
Pons
This neurotransmitter is critical for synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP), plays major role in learning and memory through its interaction with NMDA receptors in the hippocampus
What is glutamate?
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
During prolonged cocaine sprees, users may develop their rare condition characterized by tremors, nausea, hyperthermia, and psychotic symptom, often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia.
What is cocaine psychosis?