Biomes
In this biome, many animals are nocturnal and have slender bodies to increase cooling during hot days.
Hot Desert
(show google slide image)
S=
N=
Shannon’s Diversity Index=
s (number of species) = 5
N (total number of individuals) = 27
Shannon’s Diversity Index (add up last column) = 1.372
What do the archegonia and antheridia produce? Include which is male and female, and what they form after fusion.
Archegonia: female, forms egg Antheridia: male, forms sperm Once fused the two make a diploid zygote.
What is gravitropism, and how does it influence plant growth (positive versus negative)?
A plant’s growth response to gravity. Roots exhibit positive gravitropism by growing downward, following the pull of gravity. Shoots exhibit negative gravitropism by growing upward, away from gravity’s pull.
What distinguishes chordates from every other species?
Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and postanal tail.
Interpret the meaning of R values greater than 1, equal to 1, and less than 1 in terms of population growth.
R0 > 1 indicates a growing population
Ro = 1 indicates a stable population
R0 < 1 indicates a declining population
What is the difference between primary productivity and productivity? What do they have in common?
Primary productivity refers to the rate and which plants produce new organic matter through photosynthesis.
Productivity refers to the rate of biomass production in any ecosystem, including both plants and animals. They share the same units (g/m2/year).
Lycophytes vs Pteridophytes: What are the differences in the evolution of true leaves?
Lycophyll: Small, narrow leaves of Lycophytes with single, unbranched veins.
Euphyll: Larger leaves of most other plants; complex venation pattern.
Describe how the phytochrome system regulates seed germination in response to red and far-red light.
Phytochrome is a light receptor that toggles between two forms: Pr, which absorbs red light, and Pfr, which absorbs far-red light. Exposure to red light converts Pr to Pfr, promoting seed germination by signaling the plant that there is enough sunlight. In contrast, in the dark or under far-red light, Pfr converts back to Pr, signaling unfavorable conditions for germination.
What are the four main components of a homeostatic control system?
Sensor, integrator (set point), effector, response.
If the initial population size is 100 individuals, the per capita growth rate is 0.05, and the time is 2 years, what equation would you use to determine the population size after 2 years? After identifying the equation, calculate the population size.
Use the equation Nt = N0*e^(rt) Nt = 110.5
What are the effects of climate change on the planet?
Leads to increased average temperatures, altered precipitation patterns (resulting in more wet and more dry areas), and shifts in species’ ranges, which can reduce biodiversity and disrupt ecosystems.
What is the meaning of the term “gymnosperm”?
Gymnosperm means “naked seed,” referring to the fact that their seeds are not enclosed within an ovary or fruit.
Describe the cohesion-tension model and explain its role in xylem transport.
It explains how water molecules, held together by hydrogen bonds (cohesion), are pulled in a continuous stream from roots to leaves by the tension created during transpiration at the stomata.
What are the types of tissues? Give an example of each.
Epithelial: skin
Connective: bone
Muscle: smooth
Nervous: brain
Given a population of 500 butterflies and a carrying capacity of 1000 butterflies, what equation would you use to determine when the population will grow the fastest? Once you’ve identified the equation, solve when the population will grow the fastest.
Use the formula N = K/2 The population grows fastest when N = 500 butterflies.
Define biomagnification.
The increase in concentration of a substance in living organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain.
Draw and label all the parts of a flower.
(show image)
List important features that differentiate Protostomes and Deuterostomes.
(see google slides)
What is oviparity?
Fertilized eggs are laid outside of the mother. They develop independently of the mother.
Occurs in birds, most fish, and most reptiles.
What is resource partitioning, and how does it allow species to coexist?
Occurs when species with overlapping niches differentiate their resource use, allowing them to coexist by minimizing direct competition.
What are the three types of plant tissues and their primary functions?
Dermal – protection
Ground – storage, photosynthesis, support
Vascular – transport water, nutrients, and sugars
What are the key differences of zygotic and sporic life cycles?
In the zygotic life cycle, the zygote is the only diploid cell. In the sporic life cycle, there’s an alternation between diploid and haploid generations.
What is ecdysis?
The process of shedding an exoskeleton for growth.
What is Ovoviviparity and what are some examples?
It is where the young develop within eggs inside the mom. There is no direct nutrition support (provided by the yolk). The eggs hatch during birth. Examples include snakes and some sharks.