Chapter 9
What is the average of births expected from any woman in a population to bear in her lifetime?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The violation of a norm that has been written into law is also called...
Crime
What is the term for a household that contains a nuclear family plus one or more additional relatives?
Extended family
This term refers to the impact of a teacher's expectations on a student's performance
Teacher Expectancy Effect
This term refers to the creation, use, and application of knowledge in life, society, and the environment.
Technology
What is the movement of people into a nation-state?
Immigration
What is the scientific study of crime, deviance, and the criminal justice system?
Criminology
The practice of one woman marrying two or more men is also called...
Polyandry
What is the emphasis on educational degrees in assessing skills and knowledge?
Credentialism
Groups characterized by high levels of emotion that engage in specific actions with the purpose of violence or disruption are also called...
Mobs
Which theorist believed that population growth would eventually exceed the available food supply, leading to increased global mortality?
Malthus
What do we call attempts to to bring an offender back into the community after punishment?
Reintegration
Families consisting of children and some combination of biological parents and step parents are also called...
Blended families
The combination of a person's skills, knowledge, traits, and personal attributes is that persons' human ____
Capital
A large group of people who gather at a specific location for a specific purpose is also called a...
Crowd
Carrying capacity
The tendency for formerly incarcerated people to end up back in prison is also called...
Recidivism
This term refers to marriage between people of similar social, economic, racial, and/or cultural backgrounds.
Homogamy
Education refers to the formal social system in which a society passes down knowledge and ____ from one generation to the next.
Values
These kinds of social movements seek create change in peoples' thoughts, practices, and beliefs.
Alternative social movements
What theory believes that migration is dependent on the supply and demand of labor (in both the sending state and the receiving state)?
Neo-classical migration theory
Which criminological theory posits emphasizes that all criminal or deviant behavior is "learned"?
Differential association theory
What do sociologists call the factors that make marriages "work"?
Marriage effects
Grade _____ refers to the assigning higher grades than previous students for completing the same work?
Inflation
If I argue that electric cars are exacerbating climate change by increasing our dependency on coal-burning power plants, I am making this kind of argument.
Perversity