Common Missed Questions
H2 -> 2H+
What is an oxidation reaction?
This enzyme was used in order to stop transformation in the Griffith experiments
What is DNAase
Any virus must do this first step before it may enter a cell
What is binding a membrane receptor
These are characteristics a bacterium must have in order to be transformed
What is a leaky membrane/competence
The temperature hot food should be stored at this temperature and is okay for this duration of time at room temperature.
What is 1400F for 2 hours?
This is an innate immune system molecular defenses for anti-viral action.
What is Type 1 interferons?
In this type of transduction, genes are equally as likely to be transduced if they are the correct size
What is generalized transduction
A retrovirus will code for these proteins.
What is reverse transcriptase, integrase, capsid proteins, envelope proteins
Seeing if this gene is broken determines if you successfully inserted your gene of interest
What is the LacZ gene
These protein types are found in mammalian brains
What are normal prion proteins?
The shorter time it takes for a bacterium to double, the growth rate is...
Process used by a temperate phage that includes the integration of a prophage and its excision
What is the lysogenic cycle?
This virus uses RdRp transcriptase activity to make (+) sense RNA from (-) sense RNA
What is a (-) sense virus
These types of restriction enzymes are ideal to pair together to successfully get your gene into a pUC19 plasmid.
What are sticky and blunt ends, or non complementary blunt end digesters in the direction of the promoter?
Examples of sexually transmitted viruses discussed in this course.
What are Hepatitis C, HPV, HSV, and Molluscum contagiosum?
HIV will kills CD4 and it will cause this effect on the immune system.
What is no activation of B cells and CTL?
*No neutralization of toxins, viruses or other microbes *Decreased opsonization (still have complement)
* No complement fixation
*No killing infected cells or tumor cells
A non capsule producing Streptococci pneumoniae bacterium takes up a linear chromosomal piece of exogenous DNA that contains the gene for producing a capsule. It does not integrate into the chromosome and is not contained on a plasmid. You grow up large amounts of this bacterium and inject it into a mouse. You expect this will occur to in this mouse.
What is it will live?
There are 3 antiviral targets you could target for a retrovirus.
What is binding, reverse transcriptase, integrase?
The steps of PCR are
What is...
1. 94-95 C denatures DNA
2. 37-65 C anneal primers to DNA
3. 72 C synthesis of new DNA
*repeat these cycles 20-40 times*
The prion incubation period is typically long/short and causes this protein folding to become this protein folding.
long incubation period
What is alpha helix rich to beta-sheet rich?
An isolated organism does not have a lysosome and has a 70s ribosome. If it does not have a cell wall, it is likely this organism and cell type.
What is a transitional organism, a type of eukaryote?
You are studying the Griffith experiments or the experiments that followed. You take mice and inject them with dead strain R bacteria treated with protease and mixed with live strain S bacteria. Your lab partner predicts the mice will die. Your partner is correct.
What is true?
If a drug were to target the creation of RNA from an RNA template, these virus types could be affected
What is (+) sense RNA virus and (-) sense RNA virus
The 3 possibilities after a transformation step during the cloning process would create this type of lawn. No antibiotics are added.
What is a confluent lawn (3 possibilities - A white bacteria that doesn't pick up the plasmid at all, blue bacteria that pick up plasmid without lacZ gene broken, white bacteria that picked up plasmid with a broken lacZ gene)
Antibiotics cannot clear this sexually transmitted organism because why.
What is herpes simplex viruses? Hard to target and be selectively toxic. (other sexually transmitted viruses work)