Radiology Safety
What is a radiation-safety principle meaning you should always minimize radiation exposure using the lowest dose, shortest time and greatest distance needed to get a diagnostic image?
What is ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
What is the function of the cathode in an X-ray tube?
What is the cathode produces and directs electrons toward the anode as x-rays can be generated
What is it called when the x-ray beam is less intense on the anode side and more intense on the cathode side
What is Heel Effect
The markers when taking radiographs should always be placed where
What is placed cranially and laterally
The lowest concentration that produces no response in 50% of patients exposed to painful stimuli
What is MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)
What are the three components of radiation safety?
What is Time, Distance and Shielding
When electrons hit the anode target, this percentage becomes useful x-rays and the rest becomes heat
What is 1% x-rays and 99% heat
When would you use the Tabletop cassette?
What is < 7-10 cm
What does it mean if there is inconsistent film density
What is the bucky tray is not positioned directly, there is target damage
Easily evaporates, needs precision vaporizer EX) Sevo & Iso
What is High vapor pressure
Lead Aprons, lead gloves, thyroid shields only protect you from what?
What is Scatter Radiation
This X-ray setting controls the energy/penetrating power of the beam and affects contrast
What is kVp
Increasing the distance in radiology helps reduce magnification and improve image sharpness
What is SID (Source to Image Distance)
If an image is too dark and there is inadequate penetration, meaning the bones appear grey and there is not enough contrast, how do you correct this?
What is decrease kVp by 10-15%
What is Blood gas coefficient of 0.5 (LOW)
What type of radiation are x-rays?
What is ionizing radiation
This part of the x-ray technique determines how long electrons are allowed to hit the anode and contribues to overall mAs
What is exposure time
90 degrees at two projections made to one another
What is Orthogonal views
If an image is too light and there is adequate penetration, meaning you can see the silhouttes, how do you correct this?
What is increase mAs by 30-50%
This particular inhalant anesthetic causes renal damage in rats
What is sevoflurane
If a technician steps back from 2 feet to 4 feet feet from the x-ray beam, how does their radiation exposure change according to the inverse square law?
What is their exposure becomes one-fourth as much, because doubling the distance reduces radiation exposure to 1/4
What is it called when the focal spot becomes larger and a halo effect appears on the radiograph
What is Penumbra
How to check if the image is straight for a Pelvic VD Radiograph
What is check for symmetrical obturator foraminae and teardrop shaped dorsal spinous processes
If an image is overexposed but there is adequate penetration, meaning the bones appear white, how do you correct this?
What is decrease mAs by 30-50%
Isoflurane as what MAC for small animals?
What is 1.3-1.6%