Eye Anatomy
These photoreceptors are highly sensitive to light and dominate night vision.
What are rods?
As you move sideways, nearby objects shift across your view much faster than faraway objects, and your brain uses that relative motion to infer depth. This depth cue is called
What is Motion Parallax?
The region of space where a stimulus can influence a neuron’s firing
What is a receptive field
This type of photoreceptor in the retina is responsible for detecting color
What are Cones?
This sensory system dominates spatial processing, helping us determine where objects are located in space.
What is Vision?
This part of the eye controls how much light enters by changing size.
What is the Pupil?
Even from far away or in poor lighting, you can recognize someone as a person (and even make inferences about things like mood) just from the way they move.This motion cue is called..
What is biological motion?
These retinal cells have receptive fields that often show center–surround organization.
What are ganglion cells?
This process explains why mixing red and green paint results in a darker color, because wavelengths are absorbed rather than added.
What is color subtraction?
Which sensory system has higher temporal resolution and is better at detecting timing differences?
What is Auditory information?
This part of the retina contains the highest density of cones.
What is the fovea?
This region is sensitive to component motion
What is the Primary Visual Cortex? (V1)
This type of receptive field responds best when the center is stimulated but the surround is not.
What is an on-center receptive field?
A patient has damage to higher visual areas (like V4/V8) causing achromatopsia, meaning they can no longer perceive color. Based on this, would they still be able to imagine colors or dream in color?
No
This brain region is repurposed in blind individuals to process tactile information like Braille.
This region of the retina lacks photoreceptors and creates a gap in vision.
What is the blind spot?
This Region is sensitive to global or pattern motion
Middle Temporal (MT)
This brain structure is the main relay station that receives signals from retinal ganglion cells before sending visual information to the cortex.
What is the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus)?
This “color” has no single wavelength on the visible spectrum and is instead constructed by the brain from a combination of red and blue light.
What is Purple?
This type of attention is automatic and triggered by sudden stimuli, like a loud noise.
What is involuntary attention?
Signals from the retina leave the eye through this structure.
What is the optic nerve?
Imagine we have a rightward-preferring neuron in V1.
If the stimulus has components moving rightward and upward, will it respond?
Yes, because it sees a rightward component.
This visual illusion involves seeing faint gray spots at the intersections of a black-and-white grid and is partly explained by center-surround receptive fields.
What is the Hermann grid illusion?
The modern view that combines Helmholtz and Hering says color is computed in two stages
1. first from three cone signals in the retina
2. Re-encoded into opponent channels (red–green, blue–yellow)
this theory is called
What is the phenomenon where, after someone loses a limb, they can still feel touch (or pain) due to the Brain reorganizing information?
What is Phantom limb plasticity ?