Week 7 & 8
This term refers to Norse Raiders who attacked Christian Europe between 793 and 1000.
What is a Viking?
This battle saw William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) defeat his Anglo-Saxon rival and become king of England.
What is the Battle of Hastings, 1066?
This dialectician and theologian taught philosophy at the early University of Paris. His affair with Heloise marked the start of a turbulent life.
Who is Peter Abelard?
This order of knights blended a military lifestyle with the Rule of St. Benedict. They became the backbone of the military in the Crusader States.
Who are the Knights Templar; the Hospitallers; the Military Orders?
This event saw much of Europe die from starvation between 1315 and 1317.
What is the Great Famine?
This 6th-century text provided guidelines and instructions for the management of a monastic community (a monastery).
What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
This dynasty (867-1056) of the Byzantine Empire was responsible for ending Iconoclasm and reversing many of the setbacks of the preceding two centuries. It also supported a significant intellectual resurgence in the eastern Mediterranean.
What is the Macedonian Dynasty?
This architectural style utilized the pointed arch to build taller structures and allow in more light.
What is Gothic architecture?
The Church council, meeting in southern France, saw Pope Urban II preach the First Crusade in 1095.
What is the Council of Clermont, 1095?
This philosophy stated that human beings were naturally good and worthy of celebration independently of God. It lauded the "glories" of Ancient Rome.
What is Humanism?
This assembly met in Viking-Age Iceland each summer to facilitate the resolution disputes and help decide matters of law.
What is the Icelandic Althing?
This term refers to the ceremonial granting of a bishop the symbols of the episcopal office. It as at the heart of a major controversy between the papacy and the German emperors during the eleventh century.
What is Investiture?
This concept describes the loaning of money with interest -- considered a sin by the Church during the commercial revolution.
What is usury?
This concept within Islamic thought was a direct reaction to the Christian Crusader Indulgence.
What is lesser Jihad?
These two kingdoms struggled in a protracted war between 1337 and 1453.
What are England and France?
This term refers to the type of clergy that lived "away from the world" and followed a rule.
What is the "regular" clergy?
This special kind of princess was thought to have Roman blood. Across Europe, they were sought after for the legitimacy they conferred via dynastic marriage.
What is a Porphyrogenita princess / a princess "born into the purple"?
This city (conquered by Christians in 1085) was the epicenter for a major translation project, allowing Latin-reading scholars in the west to access works of ancient Greek philosophy.
What is Toledo?
This concept refers to a journey undertaken to relieve sin and help secure salvation.
What is pilgrimage?
This city was home to the popes between 1309 and 1376. Their residence here was referred to as the"Babylonian Captivity" by critics who worried over French royal influence on the popes.
What is the city of Avignon?
This plot of land or estate served as the material glue at the heart of the relationship between lord and vassal during the central Middle Ages.
What is a fief?
This understanding of the relationship between Byzantium and the medieval eastern European kingdoms defines a closed political system with limited interaction between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The has been cited by Vladimir Putin as a means to show the separate histories of East and West from the Middle Ages to the present.
What is the Byzantine Commonwealth?
This poverty-centered mode of life was a reaction against the commercial revolution and saw people attempt to live like Jesus and his disciples in the Gospels.
What is the vita apostolica / apostolic life?
This central Asian nomadic group came to dominate the Islamic world during the eleventh century. The pressure they exerted on the Byzantines helped give rise to the First Crusade.
Who are the Seljuk Turks?
"I was what you are; you will be what I am" [Fui quod es, eris quod sum]
Name the person who is speaking.
Who is death?